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{\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033\level1 heading 1;}
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\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 William Hogarth, }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 The Bad Taste of the Town\line }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  1724\line }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 \line \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 Strolling Actresses Dressing in a Barn}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 , William Hogarth, 1738}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 William Hogarth, }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Taste in High Life}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 , 1742\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 William Hogarth,\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 self-portrait, 1745\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\plain\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 The Analysis of Beauty}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  1753\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Hogarth, }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 The Analysis of Beauty}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 : A New Edition, 1772, original edition, 1753 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 Hogarth  }{\b\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 Hogarth}{\b\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20  Painting the Comic Muse.}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20  c.1757.}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Hogarth, the line of beauty, from }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Analysis of Beauty, }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 and a quote from }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs18 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Disinformation and "The Analysis of Beauty" A Project History}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs18 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 \line Joe Banks}{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 , }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 web}{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 , }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 accessed 2009, }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs10 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs20 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs20\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 In "The Analysis of Beauty" book, William Hogarth explored the aesthetics and symbolism of the sinusoidal "Line of Beauty and Grace" or 'serpentine Line", originally portrayed in his self-portrait of 1745. In his self-portrait Hogarth had depicted a perfect sine-wave, weaving across a painter's palette in place of the brushes and paints that would conventionally have appeared as tools of the artist's trade. \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 Analysis of Beauty}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 pg. 25  Accessed through Google Books, (London: R. }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 Showley}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 , 1810 printing)\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Hogarth wrote that "the eye hath this sort of enjoyment in winding walks, and serpentine rivers, and all sorts of objects, whose forms, as we shall see hereafter, are composed principally of what I call the waving or serpentine lines... intricacy in form, therefore, I shall define to be that peculiarity in the lines, which compose it, that leads the eye a wanton kind of chase, and from the pleasure that gives the mind, }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 intitles}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  it to the name of beautiful". \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 William Hogarth\line }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 The analysis of beauty. Written with a view of fixing the fluctuating ideas of taste.\line }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 London: J. Reeves, 1753\line \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 William Hogarth\line }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 The Analysis of Beauty, Plate II: The Country Dance}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18  1753\line \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 William Hogarth.}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18  }{\b\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 The Lady's Last Stake.}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18  1758-1759. Oil on canvas. Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY, USA.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 The Prologue to Taste}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 , 1753, which was "Written by }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Mr}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18  GARRICK, And spoken by him in the Character of an }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Auctioneer}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 ":}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 \line \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 David Hume, Scottish Philosopher, 1711-1776\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 The Royal Exchange Building in Edinburgh housing the }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Custom House }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 on the second\line floor. Note: bottom left sign }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'91}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Royal Exchange }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'96}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  Coffee House}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'92}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  (underground).\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Poet, bookseller and wigmaker Allan Ramsay}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs18 \'92}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 s [father of painter of Hume] shop in Edinburgh}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs18 \'92}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 s High Street, from The Works of Allan Ramsay, Vol. III, 1851\line \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 David Hume, portrait by Allan Ramsay ("the Younger"), 1754\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Allan Ramsay 1766  }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 David Hume}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 David Hume [Scotland]  "Of the Standard of Taste" 1757\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li640\fi-640 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 It is natural to seek a Standard of Taste:  a rule to reconcile or to confirm or condemn someone}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'92}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 s taste. \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 One species of philosophy says this is hopeless\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 All sentiment [feeling] is right because it does not refer and is always real.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 All determinations of the understanding [judgments of scientific and mathematical fact] are not right for they refer beyond themselves.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Here, only one opinion is true.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 By contrast, sentiment only marks a conformity between the object and the faculties of the mind.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 [On this view] beauty is not a quality in things themselves.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 It exists merely in the mind that contemplates those things.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Each mind perceives a different beauty.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 No one should try to regulate the feelings of others.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 There is no more real beauty than real sweet.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 It is fruitless to dispute concerning tastes:  mental as well as bodily.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Here, common sense and skeptical philosophy join.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs32 Another species of common sense that opposes, or at least restrains, the first}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'85}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs32 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Ogilby}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  [a writer practically unknown today] is obviously not as great as Milton [a writer still taught in English departments as one of the greats].\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 No one [serious] pays attention to the taste of someone who says }{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Ogilby}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  is as great as Milton:  we say that such people are absurd.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Paradise Lost, John Milton, 1669\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 From Joseph Addison (1672-1719) \line }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 The Spectator  }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 1739\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Bunyan, John (1628-1688)\line }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 The Pilgrim's Progress}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 , 1683\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs32 None of the rules of composition are fixed by }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs32 reasonings}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs32  a priori [there are no rules of taste based on logic alone].\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 The foundation of the rules of [good] composition is experience [Hume's empiricism].\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Many beauties of poetry are founded on falsehood and fiction.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 So, reducing every expression to geometry would produce insipid art.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Poetry must be confined by rules of art discovered by the author, by genius, or observation.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 Irregular writers\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Irregular writers please not because of their breaking the rules but in spite of this:  the beauties of their works overcome their disgusting blemishes.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Ariosto pleases because of the force and clearness of his expression, etc.  [this is Hume's only description of rules of art]  not because of his faults.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 However, if our pleasure really arose from the parts of his poem we call faults then we should change our rules of criticism.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Ludovico}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  Ariosto (1474-1533) by Titian\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Ariosto}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'92}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 s }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Orlando }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Furioso}{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Orlando }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Furioso}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs16  The Online Medieval and Classical Library, \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 OF LOVES and LADIES, KNIGHTS and ARMS, I sing, Of COURTESIES, and many a DARING FEAT; And from those ancient days my story bring, When Moors from }{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Afric[a}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 ] passed in hostile fleet, And ravaged France, with }{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Agramant}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  their king, Flushed with his youthful rage and furious heat, Who on king Charles', the Roman emperor's head Had vowed due vengeance for }{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Troyano}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  dead. \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 In the same strain of Roland will I tell Things }{\hich\af1\loch\f1 unattempted}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  yet in prose or rhyme, On whom strange madness and rank fury fell, A man esteemed so wise in former time; If she, who to like cruel pass has well Nigh brought my feeble wit which fain would climb And hourly wastes my sense, concede me skill And strength my daring promise to }{\hich\af1\loch\f1 fulfil}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 . \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 The test of time:  the same Homer pleases today.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Authority and prejudice may make some authors popular temporarily.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Real genius:  the longer his works endure and more widely spread.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Beauties naturally fitted to excite agreeable sentiments come forth.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 So there are certain general principles of approval and blame.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Their influence can be traced in the mind.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Some particular forms are calculated [by nature? by the artist?] in relation to the structure of the mind to please.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 They fail because of some defect in the organ [eye, brain, mind].\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 [A person who cannot see the beauties in the arts] is like a man in a fever who cannot tell flavors.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs32 The sound state of the creature [in this case human] affords a true standard of taste.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 If there is at least a considerable agreement in feelings among men in the sound state of their organ there is perfect beauty. \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Similarly, we say that the true color of an object is what is seen in daylight by a man in health, even though color is merely a sense illusion.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 There are many defects of internal organs [faculties within the mind], and so the pleasure will not be equally felt in every individual.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 Delicacy of imagination is needed to feel finer emotions.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 We need a more accurate definition of it.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Consider the story in }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Don Quixote}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  of }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Sancho's}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  hereditary judgment in wine.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Each of two kinsmen of }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Sancho}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  taste from a hogshead of wine supposed to be excellent, and both judge it as good, although one tastes a bit of metal and the other a bit of leather:  the audience laughs, as this inconsistency seems to disprove their excellence as judges.  But then the key with the leather thong is found.}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Honor}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'e9}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  Daumier, Don Quixote and }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Sancho}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Panza}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  (ca. 1850), and an early edition of Don Quixote, 1618}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs48 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Hogshead\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs32 Since mental taste is similar to bodily taste we can apply this story.\line \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Beauty and deformity are not qualities in objects, but belong entirely to the sentiment  [affirms one aspect of species of philosophy #1]\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 There are certain qualities in objects fitted by nature to produce those particular feelings.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 These are found in small degree, mixed, and confounded. \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 General Rules of Beauty\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 One has delicacy of taste if the organs are so fine as to allow nothing to escape.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 General rules of beauty [patterns of composition] are drawn from established models and what pleases when presented singly and in high degree.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  When the same qualities in smaller degree do not affect a person then that person has no delicacy of taste.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs32 Producing these general rules is like finding the key with leather:  it justifies the verdict of men who have delicacy.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 One proves the superiority of judges by reference to the general principles.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 But even if these general principles had never been acknowledged one man's taste would still be preferable to another's.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 We can silence the bad critic [the person without taste] by showing him that the principles work in his own case and that the same principle can be applied in this case.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 The perfection of a faculty is to perceive with exactness its most minute objects.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Mixtures of small ingredients test a good palate.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 A man [of taste] should only be satisfied with himself when every beauty and deformity [of the work of art] is noted.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Delicate taste of wit and beauty is always desirable:  it is the source of the finest and most innocent pleasures. \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 All approve of the delicacy of taste.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 Practice in a particular art improves delicacy.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Then one perceives the beauties and defects of each part and quality.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 This requires surveying each performance several times and in different lights.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Prejudice is just as contrary to good taste as to the understanding:  good sense governed by reason checks prejudice.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Good sense is also needed to note the mutual relation and correspondence of parts in works of genius.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Each work of art has a purpose and is to be thought perfect to the extent it is fitted to this end:  e.g. the object of poetry is to please by means of the passions and imagination. \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 The Poet Needs Judgment\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Every composition is a chain of propositions and }{\hich\af1\loch\f1 reasonings}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 :  the poet needs judgment as well as taste and imagination to present this [like Aristotle].\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Clearness of conception, exactness of distinction and vivacity of apprehension are essential to true taste.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Good sense is needed to discern the beauties of design and reasoning.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 The principles of taste are universal and nearly the same in all men.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Yet few are qualified to give judgment on any work of art.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 The organs are seldom so perfect.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 The True Standard of Taste\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Strong sense [does he mean }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 good sense}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  or }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 strong senses}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  as in good eyesight etc.?], united to delicate sentiment, improved by practice, perfected by comparison, and cleared of all prejudice give critics their valuable character.}{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\plain\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs32 The joint verdict of such critics is the true standard of taste and beauty.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 Project Runway Season 5 2008\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 Where are these to be found?\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 This is a  question of fact, not of sentiment.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 That such a character is valuable will be agreed by all mankind.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Some men in general will be acknowledged to be preferred [in general, people will agree that }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 good judges}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  are admirable].}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs32  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs32 There are two sources of variation that will often produce a difference in degrees of approval or blame.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li920\fi-560 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li920\fi-560 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 different humors of particular men: a young vs. an older man}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'92}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 s taste\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s4\li900\fi-180\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs24\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li1200\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 We choose a favorite author who resembles us.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li920\fi-560 {\pntext\pard\plain\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 particular opinions of our age and country\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li640\fi-640 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li640\fi-640 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 We cannot reconcile differences here. \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Ovid or }{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Publius}{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  }{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Ovidius}{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  }{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Naso}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  (20 March 43 BCE }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'96}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  17 or 18 CE); Horace (65-8 BCE) Quintus }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Horatius}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Flaccus}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 , and }{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Tacitus:  }{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Publius}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  (or }{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Gaius}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 ) }{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Cornelius Tacitus}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  (56 CE }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'96}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  117 CE)\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\plain\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs18 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs18\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 William Hogarth.}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\plain\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs18 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs18\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\b\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 David Garrick with His Wife \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\plain\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs18 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs18\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\b\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Eva-Maria }{\b\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Veigel}{\b\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\plain\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs18 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs18\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\b\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 "La }{\b\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Violette}{\b\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 " or "}{\b\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Violette}{\b\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 ".\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs18 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs18\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18  1757.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Joshua Reynolds  }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Miss Elizabeth Ingram}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18  1757\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 George Stubbs }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Molly Longlegs}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18   1762\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 Allan Ramsay.}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20  }{\b\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 Portrait of Margaret Lindsay, Mrs. Allan Ramsay.}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20  c.1757. Oil on canvas. National Gallery of Scotland}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Thomas Gainsborough.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs18 \'a0}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18  }{\b\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 John }{\b\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Plampin}{\b\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 .}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18  About 1753-4. Oil on canvas. National Gallery, London, UK.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 Thomas Gainsborough.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs20 \'a0}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20  }{\b\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 The Painter's Daughters, Margaret and Mary, Chasing Butterfly.}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20  About 1756. National Gallery, London, UK.}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Tomb of David Hume, England\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Robert C. Solomon, Philosopher, U.S., mainly University of Texas,}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  1942-2007}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Kitsch}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  (1991)\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Kitsch:  a German word origins obscure 1870:  smear, playing with mud [Bearn:  from English for "sketch"], mucking with emotion?  [Wikipedia:  originally came from }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 cheap, hotly marketable pictures or sketches}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  made for the German bourgeoisie] \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\plain\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Harries: Kitsch is always considered immoral.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\plain\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Solomon: But one culture}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'92}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 s kitsch may be another}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'92}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 s }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 avant}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 garde}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  [thinking of the common opposition between avant-garde and kitsch]\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 How would Hume respond to kitsch?\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 "The coarsest daubing contains a certain }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 lustre}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  of }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 colours}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  and exactness of imitation, which are so far beauties, and would affect the mind of a peasant or Indian with the highest admiration.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  But Hume refers to this as an }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 inferior beauty.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24   [not in our selection]\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Where no comparison has been employed, the most frivolous beauties, such as rather merit the name of defects, are the object of [the bad critic}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'92}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 s] admiration.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  (403)\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Where good sense is wanting, [the critic] is not qualified to discern the beauties of design and reasoning, which are the highest and most excellent.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  (403) Kitsch does not appeal to }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 good sense.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 Art and kitsch defined as opposites\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 The word, kitsch, was popularized in the 1930s by the art theorists Theodor }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Adorno}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 , Hermann }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Broch}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 , and Clement Greenberg, who each sought to define avant-garde and kitsch as opposites. The art world of the time perceived the immense popularity of kitsch as a threat to culture. The arguments of all three theorists relied on an implicit definition of kitsch as a type of false consciousness, a Marxist term meaning a mindset present within the structures of capitalism that is misguided as to its own desires and wants.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  Wikipedia }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Kitsch}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  accessed 9/20/10\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Adorno}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  perceived this in terms of what he called the }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 culture industry."\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 where the art is controlled and formulated by the needs of the market and given to a passive population which accepts it}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'97}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 what is marketed is art that is non-challenging and formally incoherent, but which serves its purpose of giving the audience leisure and something to watch or observe. It helps serve the oppression of the population by capitalism by distracting them from their social alienation. Contrarily for }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Adorno}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 , art is supposed to be subjective, challenging, and oriented against the oppressiveness of the power structure. He claimed that kitsch is parody of catharsis and a parody of aesthetic experience.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  ibid.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 Clement Greenberg defined it in this way. \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 simultaneously with the entrance of the avant-garde, a second new cultural phenomenon appeared in the industrial West: that thing to which the Germans give the wonderful name of }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Kitsch}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 : popular, commercial art and literature with their }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 chromeotypes}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  [}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 chromotypes}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 :  colored illustrations], magazine covers, illustrations, ads, slick and pulp fiction, comics, Tin Pan Alley music, tap dancing, Hollywood movies, etc.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Avant-Garde}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  and Kitsch,}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Partisan Review}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28   1939 http://}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 www.sharecom.ca/greenberg/kitsch.html}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-3{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24\ppscheme-3 Garden gnome with wheelbarrow, photo taken by }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24\ppscheme-3 Joannes}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24\ppscheme-3  }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24\ppscheme-3 Baptista}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24\ppscheme-3 , Oct. 16, 2005\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 Sentimentality and kitsch\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 "it is the sentimentality of kitsch that makes kitsch }{\hich\af1\loch\f1 kitsch}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  and sentimentality that makes kitsch morally suspect}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'85\'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 "kitsch may be bad art"  and "show poor taste"  but S. challenges the condemnation of the sentimentality of kitsch and the idea that it is ethically wrong. He asks why the sentimentality of kitsch is condemned.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Good taste?\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Contempt for kitsch is considered [by many, but not Solomon] a standard for good taste.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 But there is too little agreement about what is wrong with kitsch to back up this view.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 The "vicissitudes" [changes or variations] of taste in art are rarely rational.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Chris Burden  }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Through the Night Softly}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  1973:  dragging himself across broken glass\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Carl Andre (born 1935) \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Equivalent VIII\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 1966 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Firebricks\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Belk, a.k.a. Daniel Cortez }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Aldama}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 , 18, of Fremont, who police consider Public Vandal No. 1, was arrested on four felony counts of illegal graffiti. 12/7/07\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 Cuddly dog from the on-line shop of }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 Stucky}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs40 \'92}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 s}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 This cuddly little lifelike dog is looking for a good home! Made from farm-raised rabbit fur, he measures almost 12" long and comes atop his own pillow. He makes the perfect companion without eating you out of house and home! \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 Attacks on kitsch and answers.\line \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li640\fi-640 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Kitsch provokes excessive or immature expressions of emotion.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li920\fi-560 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 "cute"  "pretty"  "}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Aaaaah}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 "  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li920\fi-560 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 These are unsophisticated and child-like emotions. \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li920\fi-560 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 What is the charge?  too much of these emotions? provokes them at all?  attack on emotions as such?\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Sure, emotions develop with experience:  but are emotions of a 70-year-old better or wiser than those of a seven-year-old?\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Often we take emotions to be sophisticated when they are cynical or suppressed.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 Child-like feelings\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 But there is something charming about an adult with child-like feelings, and it is wrong when he/she never can have them, e.g. in an art gallery.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 One purpose of art is to remind us of tender, outgrown sentiments - to help us feel them again [vs. Plato!].\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 Gentle Emotions\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li920\fi-560 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 We have a limited vocabulary and a cultivated inability to recognize the more gentle emotions.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li920\fi-560 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Agreed, we can condemn the public [childish] expression of  emotion as being inappropriate.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li920\fi-560 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 The usual cultivated response is a sneer.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li920\fi-560 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 We are probably embarrassed by the gentle emotions because they make us uncomfortable in }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1 any}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  amount.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li920\fi-560 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 Bad art, sure, but}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'85}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s4\li900\fi-180\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs24\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li1200\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 One point of view [which he seems to reject when he calls it }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 whiggish}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  and cold-blooded] is that good taste requires subtlety.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s4\li900\fi-180\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs24\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li1200\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 It may be that certain emotions are inappropriate, i.e. getting }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 turned on}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  by }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Bouguereau}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'92}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 s}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  paintings of little girls.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s4\li900\fi-180\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs24\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li1200\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Generally the problem is that feeling }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 cuddly}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  isn}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'92}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 t }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 cool}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  and is considered poor taste.  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s4\li900\fi-180\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs24\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li1200\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Perhaps kitsch is bad art, but why more?\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Bouguereau}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24   }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Hazelnuts }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  1882\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 William }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Adolphe}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Bouguereau}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  1864\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Bouguereau}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24   }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Plums }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  1896\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033\li660\fi-660 {\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 2. One suggestion: Kitsch and sentimentality manipulate the emotions.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Kitsch is manipulative, using }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 icons}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  (little girls, puppies) to guarantee emotional response.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 One argument is that manipulating emotions violates a person}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'92}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 s autonomy.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 S.  suspects this is covert reaction to the emotions themselves: it is not a violation if a person is }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 reasoned with,}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  so why is it when the appeal is to the emotions?\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 This assumes that emotions are humiliating.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 But not all emotions are humiliating.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Why should we feel humiliated by feelings of tenderness?\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Emotions are intentionally brought about all the time, for example gratitude is brought by a gift.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Manipulation}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  refers to an unwanted emotion.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 But saccharine [overly sentimental] sentiments [are not always unwanted] and would seem appropriate in the sanctuary of the museum.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Thomas }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Kinkade}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Gingerbread Cottage  }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 1990s}{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Thomas }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Kinkade}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Sunrise Chapel}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  2006\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 John Constable }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop's Grounds}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24   }{\field{\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.answers.com/topic/john-constable"}{\fldrslt\cf2\ul{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  }}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  c.1823-5. V&A version.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 John E. }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 Thornes}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 . }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 John Constable's skies: a fusion of art and science\line }{\b\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20  }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 (}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 Edgbaston}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 , Birmingham:}{\b\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20  }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs20 The University of Birmingham Press, 1999).}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs16 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs16\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs16 Thomas calls this painting, a }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs16 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs16 turning point in Constable}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs16 \'92}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs16 s technical development, both from the point of view of painting the exact detail on the cathedral and from the successful use of warmer colors such as red, green and gold without sacrificing harmony}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs16 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs16  126.  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs16 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs16\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs16 Constable}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs16 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs16  I was at one time fearful that it would not be a favorite [with the bishop who commissioned it] owing to the dark cloud }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs16 \'85}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs16  but we got over the difficulty.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs16 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs16 , pg. 127.  Actually the bishop continued not to like the cloud and had him paint a second version without it as a wedding present.  The second version is considered less dramatic. \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Salisbury Cathedral (Henry E Huntington Library & Art Gallery, San }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Mareno}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 ) John Constable 1823}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 Two versions compared.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Salisbury Cathedral today\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 3. kitsch evokes cheap, easy, or superficial emotions\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Cheap}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  may mean }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 low quality}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  or may refer to the class of the responder.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Oscar Wilde:  }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 To be sentimental is to be shallow}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  - mark of the uneducated\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 S.:  The }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 high}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  class (in society) associate themselves with emotional control and reject sentimentality.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 and male society demeans the }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 emotionality}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  of women\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 Snobbery?\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 also ethnic:  Northern European against Southern European, West against East\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Kitsch is }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 cheap}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  because the person who feels these emotions is thought emotionally cheap as well.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Can a society that seeks equality afford such snobbery?}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 4.  }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Kundera}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 :  kitsch is self-indulgent:  how nice to see children play, followed by }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 how nice to be moved}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  by this\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 It is }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 false}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  because it is the emotion and not the object of the emotion which is the primary concern.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Harries:  love is kitsch if its object is not the beloved but itself, }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 in love with love.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 But reflectivity of emotion is not self-indulgent in cases of appreciating a work of art:  it is suspicion of the emotions as such that makes kitsch a vice.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 5.  The most common charge is that kitsch and sentimentality distort our perceptions and interfere with rational thought. [Plato]\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Mary }{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Midgley}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 :  the central offense is self-deception.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 S.:  all emotion is }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 distorting}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  and such is not really distorting at all:  in anger one looks at the offense, etc.:  we take sides and edit scenes.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Solomon}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'92}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 s Definition of kitsch:\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 it is art that is deliberately designed to so move us, by presenting a well-selected and perhaps much-edited version of some particularly and predictably moving aspect of our shared experience\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 But it is not, contra Herman }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Broch}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 , }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 universal hypocrisy.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 velvet }{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 jesus}{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 \line \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 --- my entire life in my grandma }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 dorothy's}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  1960's ranch house in }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 st}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 . }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 petersburg}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 , }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 florida}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  this magnificent painting of }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 jesus}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  on velvet has hung above the console }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 tv}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 funnel }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 erickass}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 flickr}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Walter Keane, (really Margaret Keane?) }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 My Kitty,}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  1960, painting to the right copyrighted by Margaret Keane\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Ilya}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Repin}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  "The Reply of the }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Zaporozhian}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  Cossacks to Sultan of Turkey}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  1880-1891. [Greenberg}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'92}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 s example.]}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Odd }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Nerdrum}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 , }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 The Kiss}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 , 2002 [}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Nerdrum}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  proclaims that he makes kitsch and that he is opposed to Art.]\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Frank Sibley  }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Aesthetic Concepts}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28   selection  from the article of the same name  1959.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Aesthetic terms include:  unified, balanced, integrated, lifeless, serene, somber, dynamic, powerful, vivid, delicate, moving, trite, sentimental, tragic, }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 telling contrast,}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 sets up a tension,}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  etc.  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\plain\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  includes terms used both by laymen and professionals\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 The range of taste.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Often people with normal intelligence and senses do not have the sensitivity to apply such terms: and even intelligent people may not see that something is, for example, graceful.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\plain\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Taste or sensitivity (when it is wide-ranging and refined) is somewhat rarer than other human abilities.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\plain\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Maybe this is why disputes over application of aesthetic terms often go unsettled.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\plain\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Yet, almost everyone can exercise taste to some degree.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 Support for attribution.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 We often support our attribution of aesthetic terms by referring to other aesthetic features:  e.g., }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 this is dainty because it is delicate}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 This is like saying someone is intelligent because inventive, etc.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Often we support attribution of the term by referring to things that do not themselves require taste:  }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 delicate because of its pastel shades}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'85\'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 Non-aesthetic features.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Here we are asking what non-aesthetic features make something delicate.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 The good critic often gives what seems the right explanation.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Aesthetic qualities ultimately depend upon non-aesthetic features, e.g. curving or angular lines, color contrasts, placing of masses, or speed of movement. \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 No non-aesthetic conditions.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 We are talking here about the relation between aesthetic qualities and non-aesthetic features.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 But, [this is a major point] no non-aesthetic features are conditions for applying aesthetic terms.  [i.e. you cannot }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1 prove}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  that something is delicate or beautiful.]\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 Defining }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs40 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 Intelligence}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs40 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40  is different.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Being a good chess player can only count towards intelligence.  For example, }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 I say he is intelligent because he is a good chess player.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28   \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 In cases like this, some }{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 group}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  of conditions is }{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 sufficient}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  for a term to apply:  for example if you have a number of such features then you must be intelligent.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 There is no definition of intelligence in terms of }{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 necessarily and sufficient conditions}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 , however.  [This would make }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 intelligent}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  different from }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 triangle.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 ]\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 Not condition-governed.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Aesthetic concepts are not even condition-governed in the limited way that }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 intelligence}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  is.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 There is no set of features that would warrant application of an aesthetic term such as }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 graceful.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1   \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 graceful leap\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Vietnamese students performed a graceful dance with fans and umbrella}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Eastwestcenter.org}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs18 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 African dance can be graceful, too!}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs18 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18  }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs18 \'93}{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 How to play }{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 djembe}{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18  drums for west }{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 african}{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18  dance class}{\b\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs18 \'94}{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 \line Michael }{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 Pluznik.com}{\b\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs18 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 We cannot say, for instance,\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 If the vase is pale pink, somewhat curving, lightly mottled, and so forth, it must be delicate.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 This delicately beautiful shaped hand-blown bud vase is a treasure from the Victorian England era circa 1850-1900.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 Defeasible}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  concepts.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 It is not simply that there are no sufficient conditions for taste concepts.  Taste concepts are not even as condition-governed as }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 defeasible}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  concepts.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Defeasible}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  concepts are ones in which we cannot state sufficient conditions since there is always a list of defeating conditions. [These concepts are sometimes found in law].  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 In Law\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 For example, certain things can only count towards }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 valid contract}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  and certain other things can only count against it.  }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 offer}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  and }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 acceptance,}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  count for it, and that it was made under duress counts against it.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Defeasible}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  concepts are still condition-governed, whereas taste concepts are not governed by conditions at all.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 Examples\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Although examples may help us to }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1 learn}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  taste terms we cannot derive conditions from them.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 The fake critic.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Someone knowing he lacked aesthetic sensitivity might, through intelligent guessing and formulation of rules, }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 say}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  the right things.  But he could have no certainty.  A slight change in the object might ruin his calculations.  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 He can only think that an object is }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 very possibly delicate.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 He would not even be }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 beginning}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  to show an awareness of what delicacy is, unlike the case with }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 lazy.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 We could convince him wrongly.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Indeed, we could easily convince him }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1 wrongly}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  that something was delicate.  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 He would have no more reason to choose tasteful objects than a deaf man would have to avoid noisy places.  [He would be taste- deaf or taste-blind.]\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 We could not praise him for having taste.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs32 The True Critic\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-3{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28\ppscheme-3 By contrast, the true critic supports her judgments and gets her audience to see what she sees.}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 1. She may mention or point out non-aesthetic features.  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Notice those flecks of color}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'85\'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Did you notice the figure of }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Icarus}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28  in the Brueghel. It is very small.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Of course, you}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'92}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 ve observed the ploughman in the foreground; but had you considered how he, like everyone else in the picture, is going about his business without noticing the fall of }{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Icarus}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 ?}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28   \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 She may bring someone to see aesthetic qualities by mentioning something different [vs. Hume?]\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Bruegel}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 , Pieter }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Landscape with the Fall of }{\i\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24 Icarus}{\i\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs24  c. 1558.}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 She may just point out features unnoticed by the untrained person.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 2. She may mention the very qualities she wants people to see:  }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 how nervous and delicate the drawing is.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 3.  Most often, she will link aesthetic with non-aesthetic features.  }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Have you noticed this line?}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28   }{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 Doesn}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'92}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 t it give the painting vitality?}{\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs28 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 4. She may use similes and metaphors: for example,  }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 as though he had thrown on the paint violently and in anger}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 5. She may use contrasts, comparisons and reminiscences.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 What is best depends on the audience and the work.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1 \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 Repetition, Variation, Tone and Gesture\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 6. The critic will often repeat what she says, for example the word }{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 balance}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1  in front of the same painting\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s4\li900\fi-180\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs24\ppscheme-1\lang1033 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs24 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs24\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 She may also engage in variation:  e.g. talk around what she said, using perhaps a barrage of near-synonyms.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s3\li585\fi-225\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs28\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li780\fi-420 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs28 \'96\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs28\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'96}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 7. She may accompany her talk with certain tones of voice and gestures.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 These methods are the natural ones for taste concepts.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 Our ability to notice and respond to aesthetic qualities is cultivated and developed by our contacts with parents and teachers.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 The methods for teaching us how to use taste concepts are the same used by critics.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s1\qc\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs44\ppscheme-3\lang1033 {\hich\af1\loch\f1\fs40 Some people have taste that is more refined, some people less.\par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'93}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 when someone can call bright canvasses gay and lively without being able to spot the one which is really vibrant}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'85}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 we do not regard his aesthetic sensitivity in [this matter] as particularly developed.}{\loch\af1\hich\f1 \'94}{\hich\af1\loch\f1   (425)  \par 
}\pard\plain\ltrpar\s2\li270\fi-270\loch\af1\hich\af1\fs32\ppscheme-1\lang1033\li480\fi-480 {\pntext\pard\loch\af1\hich\f1\fs32 \'95\tab}{\*\pn\pnlvlblt\pnf1\pnfs32\pnscheme-1{\pntxtb \'95}}{\hich\af1\loch\f1 The initial steps however are natural and easy.\par 
}
}