ࡱ> kmj%` bbjbj *@̟̟ ffff;;;8;D<dDk<<(<<<AAAjjjjjjj$4mhohjA@AAAjff<<jAEAEAEAfl<<jAEAjAEAEfD,i<z< _w;B;h&j4k0Dkah"pMCpLiipiAAAEAAAAAjjD^AAADkAAAA''ffffff 14% of final grade, (17 points graded out of 15) Multiple Choice Consider this problem and the conclusion provided If it is foggy, flights out of SFO are delayed; Flights are delayed Thus, It is foggy. Deny the Antecedent Affirm the Antecedent Deny the Consequent Affirm the Consequent Making a decision based on ease of retrieval of relevant examples from memory. This is an informal approach that can be extremely useful in many situations, but which sometimes produces the wrong answer. Representativeness Bayes Theorem Availability Algorithm Using Technical terms, Describe what Luchins (1942) "Water Jug Experiment" (as discussed in class and in the text) illustrates AND how it illustrates it. Identify four characteristics of CREATIVE INDIVIDUALS (as discussed in class and/or the text) consider the following Recursively getting closer and closer from the current state towards the solution state Illustrates this kind of problem solving: Working backwards Ill-defined Means-end conjunctive The kind of problem solving described in (i) [above] is more likely to be used by: Experts Novices Brilliant Hans, the wonder horse Tolmans rats Define (and provide an example) of each Conditional Reasoning Syllogistic Reasoning Identify the four constituent elements of a well-defined problem Define each Heuristic Problem Space Deduction Subjective Probability Utility Define (and provide an example) of each Euler Circles Gamblers Fallacy Functional Fixedness Atmosphere Hypothesis Halo Effect Define (and differentiate) Productive thinking versus other approaches. Consider which card or cards would you turn over to obtain conclusive evidence about the following rule for a set of cards with a number on one side and a letter on the other: An even number will have a consonant on the flip side. Circle the relevant letters / numbers that you would need to check.  A 2 D 7  U P 3 4 What are the two logical fallacies associated with conditional reasoning in the Wason card task? (i.e., what are the technical terms for the two kinds of logic failures that people engage in when they make mistakes on the Wason card task? [the task is exemplified in the earlier question]) Identify four ways in which EXPERTS differ from NOVICES i) ii) iii) iv) Identify three different overall perspectives on Creativity I) II) III) Why does an understanding of base rate and base rate neglect lead to the rejection of the idea that people are rational decision makers? (this question is primarily about your understanding of what these two terms mean). It may help to provide an example. Describe one experiment used to investigate insight learning AND describe the results/conclusions of the experiment. List an additional 4 ways in which to improve problem solving (as discussed in class) Increase domain knowledge Change the problem representation Automate some components Follow a systematic plan Describe an example of the Simulation Heuristic. Define the Simulation Heuristic and two other related terms.     P135 Summer 08 Exam #3 (14% of course grade) Name: ________________ Introduction to Cognition Dr. Van Selst Page  PAGE 6 of  NUMPAGES 6 ./012Bu~ ! Ⱥ֢p\NNNhA.CJOJQJ^JaJ&h`h 6>*CJOJQJ^JaJ h6>*CJOJQJ^JaJh6CJOJQJ^JaJ#h`h 6CJOJQJ^JaJ h`h CJOJQJ^JaJ hfhfh CJOJQJ^JaJhyCJOJQJ^JaJh|yCJOJQJ^JaJhtnCJOJQJ^JaJhVCJOJQJ^JaJ12Btu " #   & F 8$ $ ^$ gd|ygdtn & F 8  ^ gd|y^gd|y ^`gd|y ph^p`hgd|y & Fgd|y & Fgd0gdf]a! 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