%PDF-1.6 % 1 0 obj<> endobj 2 0 obj<> endobj 3 0 obj<> endobj 5 0 obj<> endobj 7 0 obj[/Indexed/DeviceRGB 255 8 0 R] endobj 8 0 obj<>stream SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS endstream endobj 9 0 obj<>stream H @'Oщ4-g5zqaG0$/C_@;e 2m<ک"l_}S'6zj>zJFO Q3}9.K֏58χ~!,խ/}ũH/8Q׹ (ew^Y_̓詁>>$k+S}5+Lnk "y#S}5 5y-]sGO qFO y^}`q>wǰ|'0#/ճ<ȋ hZ/xg0/+S}k=ŧyW0 Aq@ŵx} uL詁>j#E> }t>GI_'j`uF޽ ~},E_p~ޗuG_K2F_/:eb@뫺S}\Ԯy6z/xTM_ lE_𨲯 }Tˋ hv*]3Te .(?=5G6,_裶/=0E_K+(=+/D9zj/+c;gj_Bc?,ь}m@z^7,lE}r =5ЇWmf 98zjڣ"}>}]/aHχ7*(}qOi_ u}P"%E_pBK Dޖ/J_K9'ʶb Nh}{왴+/F_OO鱐׳}}/=5G{Z=5G68/#S}z$FO Q_doپꪒy_k l=² yZۯPŅmϯy0"(݋ׇ4w8Xv<,{詁>:·A.p*X_)3\H_𥴯πKԏ39}m@}ۡ0̙o.} JqܨTwݢ/8e_胾v hv hv 0" endstream endobj 10 0 obj(http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/may97/shared/bg10.gif) endobj 11 0 obj(ȏZMBWXL) endobj 12 0 obj<> endobj 13 0 obj<> endobj 14 0 obj<> endobj 15 0 obj<> endobj 16 0 obj<> endobj 17 0 obj[/Indexed/DeviceRGB 31 18 0 R] endobj 18 0 obj<>stream !!!111ZZZkkk{{{{Zcc{{JJRBBJ99B endstream endobj 19 0 obj<>stream HVْ( RO>jf'6a#v"QJJ|?cg f/lv61X/0KoLnkYfL Wz,ͺ%>|2`D .5q:ң2pFݐ5lݔwMexf*3F^QS~dcN\ .qC}vqS,Cap(^&K%LGi.A#E1bR_ls\u ³bM/ -JPՎVKL;_s5hGh6S"6o:5 {`\K؏=^ծq@A\6F]k&aܖ>pc̥qqK80q. o+N W zl?}#dGNҹntwqcm(\7GX~+J v9Zf=|LXWK(BP  W*8M)wb( 41/qdZJ.O2~S>B,%vc;9};L}1cNj\F>Kl84~')UשefyCӡ礗K-R 3W4ѴRkUq61i҃YG!5uMΔ=`bՑ)#}uM`ֺ[Az EU]dyJ{X6GQqE$f \G-횝ٯRhRWh3URetwMax,wY}x,p.l:ʧt;}I:oLb ach;f!^o~:<]E+)M;Thă/LL)GQRߠȢW}EE0$Kvz@%)wsoWW>!ըG KC GqB ^q%(!^m)UƻyA<NDW7p"?/{/M9M?xfoF endstream endobj 20 0 obj(http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/may97/shared/littlelogo6.gif) endobj 21 0 obj(Lه HFg9A) endobj 22 0 obj<> endobj 23 0 obj<> endobj 24 0 obj[/Indexed/DeviceRGB 255 25 0 R] endobj 25 0 obj<>stream 999sss{{9))B91ZRJkcZccsZJk{{k`zw::H`: ywHH y  yL jɨ  Y|||4|($g 4yw 88 4yt;yy4ʾ8`z ~t`z\Z4Xjjxjljdj\jP endstream endobj 26 0 obj<>stream HᲣ "ozj sܳTMհE՟m,9[RJNJ?ve9ۻOi[qGm4xlfkzZA|1}oh0ab|?GF:z{:tqȓx/?&۶ߣ)Ǒ&ߖs-v.'f_ݚηgMuS4xnK=}ϣ~gx\lD^[3ݞShE pZ59wyz{MXOa:jmCӼq*ȏc#CtftsBx-{g۲u({^ws{pٴ# w)!$nZ-CmyMqhterac>rW fXP$ԯ@o0hweݳ~ƨEz haEX.TmIeE7?'&'pȹI~BX;e5OODk).5OvI8*; qG,6ǫ~iѩz!nk p WP#Mn1\&9BtIF| p!<.M<|qtX!Nh!pil8{SjώW@HW@u(N&=rĕ/_ q[{P&^RB΍sD:K6+E钀yBc!8 G.lm*wtB1kRý䟶!>Йѓ"}w+qf[0qE ?C]jĵOӘxVL]33f Bh ç:1*ԍ8)Jz|yst se#I(-8Ec22хxhę+qD5IMYoo§yބ`{Iq2^B M6F+ 8jǡv;+K4V"kՈ۸5Ȉz!LJlYQu*H@ "2gjk؄-fFrKV%qkeb\]͜Eǀ;>5W"x8緼-Qf:ĮXP#s+W3ҰհDͱDӦ3ֽʲ)dzҰqǟ-##ל߰ʱV(ڴڱ钱￳«̶;V59EywN\-Oa,PBǝ*|Oj*d X!m:3zd鵾RsCm-xC)@g=X: Mwpd!.E"CWx!TY,6^o =E`S^^HetU֜mZ1ieV>g?m&ku\[`wcֱ\ tJI EE%yٶ^! k+{ցk̠FjQ_>H.p94p͉Are;@RtoRXV/çDZWn9ʶ{$rN Є.Bg 8ך=nlZv sǀ !>aKPFk\!ȓ\Y g)ރE'Ʌmh‹% % E%Z$c8 /ʧ ZyʿdzkyWwᜫn唵Uחm<|[w5|mڧ{ʶ֐xǻE*|T[W&9_sO#Z{X6]]MGe۟4^:K}n~Pm}DZMG OVf q4?F3(MaQʽE# endstream endobj 27 0 obj(http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/may97/shared/navContents.gif) endobj 28 0 obj(fIekb) endobj 29 0 obj<> endobj 30 0 obj<> endobj 31 0 obj[/Indexed/DeviceRGB 255 32 0 R] endobj 32 0 obj<>stream ӿηȯywP`H yw H y> `  `  h ɨ  Y|||4|4|ج4||vB@l ph pl 8&gD l pج(h $&gpp@@@ЬجЬ}$x$gx|=exe\xBŤŤ endstream endobj 33 0 obj<>stream Hݒ  I|]6L?*9ɑ;ω+-k6k&* yl/jhNJ lAZb1./9dttdkuH؁|YEdv-$ENFb~Ǒ[CKU;#'cVPWS(/ ݫ/=zCciQ13@`;Ct06W1jͫ nO^J+6NJL%ߜʃ:FO'e:VI71sKϮl/3۸?v'~_ SL endstream endobj 34 0 obj(http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/may97/shared/feature2.gif) endobj 35 0 obj(=X_ZЎ) endobj 36 0 obj<> endobj 37 0 obj<> endobj 38 0 obj[/Indexed/DeviceRGB 255 39 0 R] endobj 39 0 obj<>stream ֌ƽ{{ss911scc1))cRRsskk)!!RBBsZZJ99kRRcJJB11ZBB{ZZ9))J11R11J))c))11s))11))))!!ZR{JBk91sk{RJB19)cZRBJ9B1skkc{ZRkJBJ9ZJRBsZ{B1R9ε{skcsZRkRJƔ{s{ksccR{J9kRZB{{cZƜ{kscZJ{ckRcJZBcB{答֜kZ{cR9sJƵskcRJ･Μ{cZBsRƥ֥cRƔ{ssZƄcƽscZ罥ƥﵔ筌ޥޔkk9֭｜{絔ƵkZƥޭk9罜Ɯޥ{ֵƥΥcZRεֽε޽ZBޭsJRZRs޽BZZZks)k{kRkJ1{)sJckZ{!ss!ZsBRZRs{9k9c{9BZBk!JcJkc{ޜZk{Rcs1BRJZkBRcs{RZc19BsZkJZsZcsﭵƌs{RZkJRcckss{kkscckRRZZZc{{kk{99BBBRｵkckZRZRJRB9B919J9B{ks9)11!)B19ZBJB)1s!))1 endstream endobj 40 0 obj<>stream HWMoV-n&dIuYhd{;mQ0 p< f"J$2k 7 Js0ݴJ@c#;<O>빞빞빞ك/~XV3-G{>ŕύͽB-W}+3M 78W6ڥ (Z.u]g>́^*2<|cykے0ǼX,B~wq!_］*a_{9QX\H;/^xmnUY'/p:7/\NJJץwHBL/wOg>>7Ev/Lh%~^ eMdA&r"ś\H B>7ᱷ82ܱ)i&e9;Ī'nll h7| z )J+AP7;6ujy^o3֋MA-f؎SsSUQrnQAwv>]567`9izMB^̲ a9U`/"GfANRem{`~f`pzz?{v/ax>-Nms| >vΤ'lՐլ{ٶiӾ7a8ܚ<΁ T n C?I5|Wn^5=k/NxL4R{'I9Mfj'UN{!-Bաfǧך$cp7Ͷ'mQ9vMY%U*pyK\ˀcrpny|x8{_,LFz7ۙσ[C9t&'xؼFE,0H|~xRp8M2~Xj0:Ð,l1d|I71l ;#$iz0y·h˳i-\ 2+*ũrs}ˠ'i xx4=/j?Z?Nq 2:Ri8&8|jGe>w,j#'QdNʡN&d4vխUfmkcCW@d'SSdGQ /JN Ras6-ʷ"/'>7ߔn5fkC$]MIc:p7@O6O) nԥE V:\YWar^c#ڃ8y1xH#hѪqg?/}¥}>Li'Ӆ^)ک[hfps^a# ^w`!>ӑ|wں(yIe6Փ$:3Uiz i7A ]NyJΩrjȀs*2ɔ;jg+\,ɺ,cM3I'y*ndN WFӪ#,48Ӥ͟VKӘg; 鮼)f?Jug 'Jxl讇RKP;JGUEͶmVdbs FyZ;.njI<ާ?IxKmAeNFV 8dsQ{f`2R\5MVˋL =IEA_yUyu*alB㺮+tY{=o :?9q!alsk3Y_vsj<-ٶUtK2;>\︩AV8\.9 73%I~p'jpRAyՇ 1G=n4^⎏,(jwM}ӥg; &+^WLV.E89*I4[y瑪Ⱥ5,&MߤjrҴ}/ 6\]1'cXYa^C+j-xu̽>~G$U4[ք_~٨~(v]NNǭ l4H䘂鵼:>A߹}[]^"qnUUTӴuL3^ .]u xgf+/uʸ-?K*<H\+OI| Ә#4ħhnɲz)SXŠ5˽=%DG?"5m"ˢYS/9sNo Nտ?~o6Yzؙ_/v}&2KSƱ$>ƚ28^(@b\P9-Tmͬpicc4u]Dč{4nr6.I'k{ˢۓӳ~]1!2JFchs?=$kOtq'^X` vե[;]PZ\2̇~tb-tt'$Bմ gS$̬T2jBJy#" gh 8NѨݞ͢yݻN=~L񝝺|Zr}ZP]'80#JJDCyb]28kkW⾛U8 j81ݨZp' 8>9ʋ;Xʲ徱=#j+˥䱹ǻ尭7!Ԫw̳Dg~`<@]T% ~ܮm7Ɵj…v¥QH {^+SWR\n˷:SW]qºK%dl- ME.UTDP3u\!8SvnWJB{amTZo4|^BG!b^6q[๡#I||lqwruvt.?{T A4[7k!i}N˕ڃ6>RmG=̑z[z 0[/ujjIm@Q9r51~]4˖DZ"E=nܑ.(h$KM* &.H@] V!G- AW?`Ug6AA}&$Y\-0dڧ'YsϹg꺮ꝰ,.*APd)ݺ{VZ7њ1𤹹{;cAaR c v$x5:A,?ۉyO~Y :~ًl 'H-ڃ,FqdU vSF~SvNG#_}Hr>h>́; ;w\k:9 @,Nܟ,@ONjGOviۡB9}:TU$ˁWnimh;`эv^LѹDyPeՐ vAZ>ZA*d KqaYL b]`gE@O0GGGΓE/ mxy;'{:uǒdv07v:J1*'J߃Oڂ~3vW"[ 3maHUNG(ӡkE;SqΗx?3+lrŷr 4?9!Ɓwo\gpmd/,ͷ1I¸r)jkeږ)I%]Zn5vlJXGv~A 4uj:9#`[d<ЊXla!ݨ!Lf?iX#EI'ƾ$Zpr>#n"]x 6+W>H@HOMf&Gǧї=$'ٻF9q8(gk;kVӲUmWe@C4m7[kZٻQxȰiLmf,b>>Z}ɪ"-huUAJYI*r3 (%+͊l)0!EGoWN'>>yWO8ݓnwϡqLPhiTX}}? C.@mmM+d*m%x;N5@{=oEvjv2nAP) q~٘QpX2vn\'Jm+(g0&}}'oN?dp~6KapSc$^ߓc pkA753Xժ:^o覝4&gG[ OЃ l!8{>:'%'/t&#<\@Enqx] ĩRMA_M EEvSӪxYZZsp>dw~^nklchX%]/ 0 [@H`(-HPahv4NSD hKSTҰ3!3I20ǒyHē*N5C1ItN h|C2(L Ko,YK T Js[[h5]qeNVE"~u'xr1b^4{2" -Rcu6lV '(^CpwD4΅E(L@i1qw5@ B:XMʲPJ%%I0v<ΫϟP`5٫Wl~1vEºY*giM{"n1xL o(w%\4(EDir%zUbtZl sTB'C MOzޢ|46DI@  <|ի-\䋯%^4t CQ 3܀5Gbdc rDF+zădL&/xL1_(x;/gD rE_3ӏ ֍yFVt:&,/ a:F0>1/> J;|r:E$ƌmm͆YG׼REHL?},Ao-vTMՆՐh4dʲm `/^$nú%|Gɐq+d࿨u O ڔWT9k\qIl3UX\N__N{7B0[[j#qGL.^inni!-|mmuuvךvKa]T Q,ً3kEIF00FCLv H&wIO44aMs$עIB*My x۪D;v;wONN< >6 E-{|HF&8Ďgx~(X19"dsӋ2HaC`(馣 GQEKY!F@ތcďàSú ḛDOWLu&EMQL8k/0' 4M֯oLֺ a rx_/6BsvýMN66;@C'2Ԇh}Hq_ؐp3m 5l\,8hj~޽ Σ5Z6yld`l F0QØ!($1]Qʪ*ES_c#ś iG00 {XuTs7-% nIE7 $< @ݎcW5>~ 7Y"G杤ަFWNc$b9S5:ֈL*'I!9nn6dJT_︯r'&H2~@$.La_>Q8``*dAa5b@/c,S.ZkhX]*er{S|%\4>r|!'wNta.L|4K[S|G4.%46 \BMti:Ld rܾ_΃' F$o1 =?8jX]pL~7,MgUە1x;AClݫ>d˙.Ӹ4d%mg2n@](p릑ql8׽I2 O+OU YeTtI:qտ<lXnn809Zk?ra{iuWj6uݛÇ>ʊ{_JdǜR媱ɻiWȤ¿6255%z?oZDir9A戛U4.Ju%,V|^-QX] l*0C!5|]]kg̘{ las Ul &ւj=ܷ[n˰դ#hK;컳զV=*jB#gf&OO\};gdOcz1Z0V=NjƇBZGqs"|!RH笡&OݢPh(V*$Iدޟ6;6kΝ}~q,]r&q8S+8da`#-DM[P'E6M;Uc0I{5F([$cl;Ii/$oGo|?ϏkjqCO8C̯=aS3FKZ#Dj=^"%Pʄ2wgrJ'驩t*5.EYQT>\$l25fpՉ hj Bm0$-D'0 (`7/NJ]s*'N }Fl6$w3с8pr Mb) ƭ[_f/(H E >ꉘLn?%⽂#Ln玢ۆW<C#vA9]w_8{lU׾n=\*| '`k?- .Ǚ3]]~rՋ(q(b*W|3c_$^x1L"~$M@l!xyqy/Qt#v'J5ynDW P c~ر hdjQ4Ne4" .pul/dk{C!fz2"| x~^ rI*E675$Vwff֦?V<(`˚&nUyl*ߔ25i\n/WmBu8ѭ[WyiH.W{}9O 7hrRnh3Ghe|SLI< u /*<`i0 Fj 67r|Fs3B咐H9¦^k40/Ǐe0ffC16\|(pp^bhZ/77߯nIq=S#r'M7ntbhWS4^`ys9 1w7{{_}Eg:e&pm<7G.j8/vQ]}/o>#1؉˱ᴥ+4L94/U7۰<)kkhihT"XaM;7n\Xk9hp/qM11h y\J9Ȑs{U2˝+}HD:OIEZZtsl=;[=ȧFMl -^4Üs%SpqW5a"0aevHshi6k,KYoF#ҷ`E#p5 LAɠ3!)l LZ_1DNVK8OzB9kJCPrﯯ7'M[/3k\BHPwb۾k¶~eo&brdlhIEen1߾`i.7˯*V p3% }8v!Dϟy/0IZz^ Ҝx sz7`| xq 8 ]Rp Co;7VJ"4ᵻ7s9x;ȩnNJՀo\sHsg].۳q]3IP& >~x;y?'DE`KO=AM=)E SLSlj.4Csapc8|p^14ݲbөBN` R+ԗ;ev/I' >Gti_mtA~vCT6|\O鼘c4eJS6 VxD4h 7Pml~dp7] NmdW|_#_v Ym&䝬ͧGvPχPZ`OBG+-|7&na`ifc. {dqNLY;p*s-)mNW?:c"e2x;V9օ^f.xtbg'O_(e筷fW%mY.<;X_8gYZĘT1=FQ0{aS6jLfF|0@b+H[Ƙ[]ŪRk&Ә8 Q1+3,&`Kytt Ipph/σYԶYvCP6ظų\m~g}p4fq?&HW3>Wh],T޺[V{*KݼTџNj1N,[njpg_\Y)/+26nyQ q}HxJwEjuS}xj߷,::E`2D93SFgO^ћHx샾xbm]A_ {}:E'{EulGJ-;z 졆0Pw Оr+l|Ve/AG)xIsvcJhqiY.KٌX9RKEg.bawXYY FG(`Q@_`ٿ_ endstream endobj 41 0 obj(http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/may97/features/mechtron/60.gif) endobj 42 0 obj(Q?b['04) endobj 43 0 obj<> endobj 44 0 obj<> endobj 45 0 obj[/Indexed/DeviceRGB 255 46 0 R] endobj 46 0 obj<>stream ν{{{ssscccZZZ999111ƽJ999)){kƽƜ{scZｭsZRcJB޵νΥB1)Zν{εscνcZRJskcεΥ9εΌ{!kƔ{sZcRJ)kRB1έcR޽{έέΥƥs{sƵƵcscƥBRBssJcJ{{ƜckZ{cRkZ)91)99cƜcsRs{{RRB1BR!)c1{Zs{ss!cJcBZc)9s)9JR9Z{JcsJZc19BƭsksRZk猔s{֔BBJccs))1JJZֽƥ{ƽƭ{s{cZcRJRJBJ{ƔsƌֽεƭƔƭΌ)!֜sckk{޵kBRss1JZ1Rc9ZƌZkscBcR{J)J19{JZJk甭筽csZ9B{c)9Z!1Ƅk{kΌs{ endstream endobj 47 0 obj<>stream HWoc^z(-ROh{Jr5m,\3(Hrj8{iKԀHc|E[d xޛIe r8C }׸ Wmnnhcv_ <y5L/cܙ) 7gBzma2 _lLNG ) 8}@oߺ1E:6cIP]J;x˂yLf]LAKo!t~Pf2LH %F5s}#{{ݿGf:@{īG1Vs% 2L^9 ^  Peuit^s{R7TekJBԹKTU2'ΎЈE#AfJK#]l9+BDR H= .+<;1Y࣏$t*JeϲM34wPJ!D)!ȴě9SzH]D*'H'3Y8;8'!B5fej1*\7sj#N򎷣uH5CΞpJ@4JեgB CfBD[I$MAආ%3VM̦#@SEl2%m'[Q6\>-*$Eb3Z\ ^d脵F2Rk7Y fqn}j>(`=0]/@},d5Ed$M1J퉒{貑@ryEW4dnuiu4ۅmG wU0vdN5 lݢ#P̺( I\@!6hRj77<\YGGṈ8Ueэ1Ϡ2EƋ,@¡0QyIƖ9JWLӡKw cn@>'%b@lNŨP&YˢJȒ"tAYG!W aިrw Qy_'ȶXdz"*%*VSB,R쥴Dkٷ8vDFiQEҘy"~Gط9S9ySsS\JS Kxfr7JK ;uY(r`r~ԃ Mi_F4 oZ5իàry[.Jx4=-{^M}8G\Qa&MED$t"XtT~& jk[*ym~r,ry |Ser썏kwK%mؓυaU)&ri'`ݞ(ɬmBg5Ns jFF Ul2.ύ/M/qy/jFq._tl9lZUx@mXlUNrRԚĝmNSԛ5[$JoY1{pY*/,OcJЪ}` #QLStR{"ĸFJ(ܳUk&l#خ#H%0kf(-[%(!T"!M(M{KT֬M/n6@aQB^ZbN`׷`W>ʳ`c{*3{sR\g q9}čR)ܢp je#eT6L,3S$r }بحU6oN Nk~6 Fa^ ${* ]e#PFaI;l;a<Qs  }Sa[I 8^SYwOqd:2 GCqnd(:##,vG^;Qx|am?7AI0!ZT%(pe[tdt"#.v(q>>UCg8q2 gnPִ.ex@`Pt:,9: ;!pyq D'ᡖKpfbOdVfȺ`ͧ/uto$yD@P)E0S͌ xL(ҩ*-Hs wkxf*"t=Y` E6rzNW/%Pzdfsf0"cUyQ4BBJ^R +&ɋpϒ):НI5.Q`r)Ex+ Rt&KjѤGeK"yDjJ= sJ̟ ZKlbh3ANk,gqdNRlVmk QPrIۿˑ)YdL%n@jO )`hRM$Ĉz~0h9 V+^S3gʇ9"Jb >40 ^3yG(_ k: Rr0reKiG-9|Yd ?$;K.FТBApAY @wu{5.&Q.8B$Ladk_6DT:Q欬Hsl,3G8JOGBONPq1F&J+T Oe'UJ]| M@p%ˇtv5w^A]"3dE)RI #QD|dТl)ty|.򾈵$2*V59ژl!77O `#$J6; -V|PG@BQ”}5PFV `AyvD6YfILE'E,9qIFfk^Jij X沿~(hfׯ__\rMs1 s[L{IT,b>'ٱʳҴǰ"<ӥA??䓟~/_?qէO L(g>͏5?,5.&<ɳŚ?-NV0ְhFM5uhv٦iM|I,"{,_6@B^t'?wBRE#ɖl8xfChi }BX3WYɑ̌.?={wƨePZkz|QwmMLpSbQ.Ͽ;N5G\\s-RVE(?EѬ J"7_YY̚ ZVX/ԷֺSXѯmU곯M_D4hM]E{vy:y!->f;BO(a=h£^woX@Ba~PX(`+/ۜؓSSPbAh'7i;:t0%idNUSSScӣmPz{izmwh'چdϧ TXg^9 u5hPeG'F'G n^{/RV\oGKH[g"hX0+-~9(KҲO^sQMLNiz|IseԈww1@Z9,6c4+cٱY8e'km@ŠO.#B2T[J[Z21CVB#+^ۣT{$<0AHVKDޭ%n3KH6t!20.=A{7eH=b#y9! KlWwpji9z qmnȐ&{r$q'jQ[]] K,XHCJ؟U{<%ΐhdɏA)tu&r*Qjq1%)q[v AF|A/J:~u2Brfa/&,d4'-|舉s@y2drxvz|*K<0zl;_Kӄw޾J a 2ȮIN9`.+NDO[b#(mK1!aRk4b\\ 8odA["ȴ$;Li1v^,_J\Qv*.7~|_C=4{ûD&Ã'pS\:I(aNeMy~1Rè5Wju\Ê[3LJCO=a<\֝8v$lKZɮHvj=r1ej\) 1WD_-ǹ-.83HܭꮦM 5VVTU-SC*HkwQLJ-^+ܫUrVؚRb1? X]0\V_zBj\U ucWG<궪4 ol-MWU}'53( YT\7XS̻#`2섉 Mqwk[{h(Q/ћB*:lq)j6u|cփȮQO 錀Fԍ @D}_ jeQ:r(ZU;Ӓ| QT; CZ?77 DUUjb(㨬nbJŹ;ͨ4[LzBĉëquMlzSė; 2V:Pn\)?x]㛍F帲_ھQ yd\gU u S@FH@b&2iS\A̿4\Ţ[LHǞjԕͽ\J}sѳBjDH)ϔ-yΎ\L85s 2?֊k{/wܐ7ut:h<"fwX\툺/kN@1%٨սַۨzW{i҄z+̙̀L?<<\`SfMȨPdiy53cSZ`)$R2[bBH$d*0솔FjIyߐ(Aåao<H@4YQa7ch \em_Ṡ >S`fey&xVPfR4sm"mOUH0W26@5ȣPؗ4Pr| 2#LUmd_)׊s%f$|lk Z؝ߥQ $%/pB2 ;qjۜb9[n-ZbL4[ 1,QRhv\QI9fu'\Iy:?1l2izt_^4 C)b0jZӿdAx`AtGV\*oLvVʘقx fY t%B@-rKZgQ P%a3f2 W+[+?ݿX (F?K4$]t;p:eKf).՞=-aVc[[xo\0.l_ZWWS R$N6RKǀK>-+4>l rxk_-MJA uUݶ!\t am3PK/Yȗef,[OcD/ML.ХG7|XhB2S\UgyU3$2r9dI\L1`bӱXI6ON(0 sepi;=X c}?Z C{M\D#1(,)TբOZrKKS&ԃĉmZ6B[|BB T8n-j,0hwP` B23KO4t)FK`YYVyjwֱNKM~g1T/[^^rUqfve튽hu B50bDVE6 T;Bb b ѐVUM[7TF#P%,0&* V ~3՚?aoaw L6,qcz7͌܄p*  ': d؇mcMʑ@jNiaSH 0ߝ )T6DYcFR!NtT-O2Rq;$;XDZd_=.1$(:zM'Pl :V]ј{f/^ʼ%SUYU EGTRIJuJajVHE&F&倝EӂZ b %I}e3u) 9K*2;~ $P՚(=0FuIV%iGy!cj}IGR9& pOaB|p^9a(.(.Q%# h5F,`!XĥC0]:|,g@4:54遟l0JqɕDvբrR!ҡbi2z.I^ ݻ(Egè12ST"JmRuy/ տ#}e m71z⨹˄h.GlEL"9u(.iAİE%HbYjW5|Xt{]F REid^幋J嗒D3d$KV i&8h4OGJwJzzQ u>nqM%9GJL ]&J"˖+? 1~0 (Mӡulͱ$D^҂_Ӛ6 @q4pi|xY̱J2T$ Kb$;?2q%Nogxp ?Y~x|pQ;?<|gW Q+D5~JT6U~WˏĞԥxc:gF3T!n`$kQ#~z5lxit$u27qZ(fl!z?ԯ3oo꧉_Mz>KPUy H 9]\U^srlD} {@L9:{>rm^%8&RJlW=d4דv퟾*IZV@=nm⥴ `R~3l%VNJe&(9!ʼ1Y#oѻ\ZlQdTXV9J~=?sxiʹJ>zP*Ui0i(J3= hIu{sOfehB\+pQ6/oP.y69Ί[$^$lwqyux뱉m^/<ϯ<Z:a5t7N3mg? ⺭!rZ Nyv G eN FYcx 2P tYؙ^wgaa,BC_t fzkwq۱Ht-Ӭi<ʗ7%'4ÇMeiBɢU;zpxM"-"%rg,?;" 4a<=~0QzjqД1'~bB΋0E|J wY4>LC@#zʇ--SvWC.b LȵUPnҙ^oe6bS\3_-@pqbwn+ Q<  ȉQ[9eo+MJe,Ŷ)UWW5GZ:-]6n2£-䜞j8$ni1Nϑ EB+p H|_r{SWbZmrt@X?|z BJD"##&ҳ"r\EeK:\PSz3IrGQ.CO#"ǠTPEO͗~uE#؂,q4B= r $1BCNjUOU7,ʲన癱lE <^,yee /r]F,ѩk#w l%fHj3>(좍zr$r^scmB%X+'y)&f3ԣ WC  Dk9RDU@a0P¥NԽU$mkEdbI͹C5KsjP$ĘG/I/%Θы4Kv[*j6*9NJ_&d7u'B3ȭ, GCdNikX+k1GJ K)dӚGȒ:Õ>#2i52.˖LpO_He 9f9C=>kfk-9VSeK WZv:5Q6dp,R|ts,*V<L^rPU$5$tY^UNPykڬ}tJ%R^J$2q-M%=6NhvLj>K)eK=O9 |XKt~Mfhr]Rګt **2}̞:F!JE 5sIWU3)멼E!NEH%VEus31y&FSx,K3kAHT 4I%0&KLNާ; 2fiGD]pjsqߦ=gCp["gbKvlF0@:磥^[u>'  V&h%NZ0T6S Wk\zaDt{%؀}9 axsA8aPQK̝Dk^oXgmǏd:`YbXJj-Ay:[%/ܟ2)HD*ۛ%@OwFsٱ8٩_FZ,Z~amBukX ֯#*`jyt_C3=<ml>_К8׷A=x| ~`Z endstream endobj 48 0 obj(http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/may97/features/mechtron/61.gif) endobj 49 0 obj(ћoާ) endobj 50 0 obj<> endobj 51 0 obj<> endobj 52 0 obj[/Indexed/DeviceRGB 255 53 0 R] endobj 53 0 obj<>stream ƵZZZRRR)))!!!ƜƵ911޽ֵkZZέ1)){{ZJJ޵kkRBB)!!ΥsZZ֥J99kkcJJ{{B11{ZZ{{ccR99ZZ{RRcBBB))R11Z11JBB9RJZR{JBJB{B9k91B9skZRsB9B1νskkJBscZ91ƽƥcZsckZεƭ{sskkcsZR֥kRJcJB{{k{J9kRƽ{{cZZB9ƵR9νƵ{sֵJ91Μ{ZJZBƽZJBޭkZssZƽ{scZRB9ﵔƌkZBsRkJcBc9!ƭsc޵֭{Ɣs{JsBƜskZ{cRk֜skJskkRZZ9{JބBc1ƥckJ֔ZZc9ƄJνƭέƥ組sJk9ΌJޔJJkcZޜRZJRkƥε{cBsޭkƔRcέ{{sZRJJs֔{k{9ޥJ9ZR{9R֭JRJ1֌JJB{Zcc{!)֥kckZJZ!!{kssckRBJ1!)ƵcRZB!1s{B!)֥s{R!)k)1k! endstream endobj 54 0 obj<>stream HW۶mH*H`P D 72Mؓf'F^.v+YiO?_2;i^ Ly^v)>i8u:⺳I4Ѵڧɻ6&sٱ:<\i?N5dMhףtų_1| [Gzpqc\|Ğ~}]m`@_6kvv$b^\,Η9ߌ7o?a,JY5!t#4ѣg<ͭVZTUS&v~={F%I/Q~ 0G0N4d`kBƾo-: Wj )VuUNg;ajDq'5}r}˫d<RM&yz*ԈKZps5&%p<Ե`\w0o!7]KӴ5&~ߦt{oO0>OeXC+yqd߬V|ߗr4#)us^_ܜ:w1tRbV&2"A"ؗtrKP| 4u M 6~v L&CP{@4[p -/ݝdVA!ӧLNGwȺ(~h4;yy$J qCB^|nV `lӄn'.O~aC:r\!Cޚg.e%wr P+?*˪A鬲x(h+#RKo\Q yp :'̐$\z漪}u:DPDN.հWY&kb$mA=F7]F6+JStf,j?.( b }Bbj=W\;EY:z҂t*Yv\EWT1@=Vҡ ]-:DWkLVRdddP ʲ 0_u^6#H,9ъ:N%U_;&W1Ƀ!;N+ԊG($:4snV"4(e i2ublCA(#2JRkĺ*1:MXT+MMd[n..l5݃NXCh9JYQi1N $9BrKBYQylY5l-y!9Gy8J7BXK!}Ӯ}KQk,lJ]]-m>Hi$0JXtL}P!\s.WnH%74 1h ™?*XQ6%! R hAi$[y|C$#"sKr5.X[ GIB X{UcG5\SXlQ޶vb{ H1&uD=K0B O$yUu͛$rA02(HPd cv Ea{'ea PE B5:ItOGORaQJ$;X~sd@JE3 ax@D|63JyˢCNzڨYg7 *M C`oW9PH[%TbzQJ4)wh . :C `AIL0FX xL$Ta<):Td ؚHaYPL~犆]W"ɡījڶ\h rK+ JbD!&Pu Rtw؎vI#Zɪu2 <юq)D͔<'}`_eĺL@iHRQ܌`"k'\#c(.#Xkx#u$a#Np<@F=B,=Rm ދ{F v`g)P4 T}X[b,0 jًoGqi‡Ze\]/jqB޲toRUrmWc| :ab JG#X&ID[VHPB+<=dc䥭ÈcjWecLU-egpjWZoq _-8nHqsx~ vyK} A}qYxl\a00 `BջʉTQ=p7xkꡒE-nFսKph:/k}?~$=, :s).U$ϳT-?#- 7F9M $PU9;g°ãR(<ʁ5ycj}~`r'Ɉf DqfS>&j̴ܒ)«)ně´ǥӷ[Ͳ$DھƟv-юm?ۡ_#宂)O1<;Kד ,U׾?ņwq{qk6hi@^I? FPQFË C,YRقƥ1PڨqeM\ͣVr < &4Mnr:,g|gKp(M56xv5asX%|/r1@Eh&@TE Ku& NY){,xqyskiAY/yg4{kM'&H1Gd)Ny3űr6n+k 1sS%dY HT@ؒx7M^;1'[eX8œX8,58u%V+MՊXS;mXh4ϋbm#Gx|97c?ѐM lXf YXƔ{&#YZr KVh"8ҀǤLegBas!i9bt;矽z"i$V+f&<wVc2@EޡCq ׭*:/ yneI=~ϼqƆ:H6 :1t/WNEquAM1mŘu0uW$1q/OA,DJ>]7ꈾw$T >ԉa*<| S(ҡOǏzYn"vk3p{~0BɎ]WRvAGB!Bg}W?M0݉0 0n XoDI2^f[F]<WǓ[c윸ь-H_a@Mn v*k NG6jO U6okP~ZC~춍]QJHFP. -w6}Q \@"#Yz%>d %o;?0T]l,LI2>zIeɲD{~.[['Zy>tL5qͫ,;!ޠ6( R v@BȦڕȖl,WQAQ[GEqI&Uq#솈\bGK8Ӛ5)Up۶WP!*+kjw1m(G4T!JYj ( 32A}e4y^!(Lo?AZVrjVx&jՔ:;dZ$MQp-,9;YPE ~1!XCUFzʁorz{e7>5dqlEfng36;+/CZ!SF$IGxtCɣHq"QłytVyAu7S.[e" Cpب1܉4#L#t!DB%G?w]wuw]*ݮaDMsЗ)1a8WB6|G h Y1]_ߦ,K#MDy1A\R/MBTue2R5Yϛ\Fp~ZL[(u fPD,ݺ}Hlz=XmKLTƇIN4'mXY3y"n'1?*1I2wEhY%K0z61VǣjvwrwD9b ,\Iqewa\==8<*5:ĉQ׺̄ں{wkK1rzCb`"_\NoWL b6-<ƍ {knlY!f (r2G٢hAkY5ņ3\J10QQսd=!jU2#ح{='1e2 b|7QnuNY"8yQ0D14PtrqNTlhN{ =(j9[5&M ~0Q#a˫fio/10 'ʰB<¹Ex'-hwxbМNj }T%QpG! _F 9܊Hw%%HSDG?wuy .qh*+|xiA )phte,c[%Q; SU?-+p* `⺏}, hZUbT?|L9(MkUhu\:u6e%wIʲg99PDt8p0̱O޽Ur _?Asp*WW`9dAnO&7g@U%D(H!i%ؘe909'Tscz;;8y.NOÏ %ؤٌI`s^`u6 ?qf _vmW2̵ČMM;*8NH`l H9i1YbDF+Tnu.{6@Zh"E{K9m><<Ȳ]H- bEQ)e5ab{0\ zd3TۥҦ1Ngs$ |Y9S]DGVyni:>">9<k#iϯ4yD]t3ƤIv0:'8YkQ > 74k[FCQH>汹:`(۲ܞ]{nȜyDvnE`X~}8)tܦy"à[+(-t0̧)"aPQeԩs&-E+8:aDAHuZ ի/^T7y`$[n%";wS} 8I րCwk_a"Sfmzb +@YvkMnL{or~h{.5M7&tpkkfl㪪Q) m̎H6{i Ve(cqQo~*T#[ޣ[Zo{m:kvT/'$b54[.j#(XQŧ^/Ӂ(VյJeH$jbt2ok4 +Y5*">|_t-Q pl@H?r֟בy(Aݻ~.\~\tpkq_Yyr{T+=1y H}4|+P{M<sFtA&|rxo|d۲SnTyJ^o~2J_c' dG=L&iS搬I(aXMS^SdbVh#0oqQ2%j5lb#U"*6EO@TӖ<4/] [ĉa49n@uo/tjJ1`R92LSl58+Mѽ!I`[ݚaȻ)DY^6xB>n-.ѭ^!'xys l,cA9?/5%do\M 8@΅CV OCSC/ny TQʊ[1|OU|)hTt38a@V+#pDM[i>ɱ-ʄФ(1yMh;2ߋ3p;>l-E$lh(K7˷i'لEpn7> Z4´޳".c׌ʽ{t<` >yz>QhbyOYc oK@p{GK (iLʆJU{.AųBϹ2DAu 8y3! jBLć >ٹ_>4å$L+a,^zWBRYY.^qG~maDX4EqR#63YnȰpVl)$IOlrQRZ ڃVz$ވ/ NDS1x $'+˱}?,.l%ܤ}z:<Mw01>U4tOHJZ-F]y/̵ߧQk(AlRԟPAqd+%meW:#I\?w:8?q AeUAsPi _&Rv?n`k> ܫ1qN ?'JGKQ]Vq]!œcɇ OGc+IJӘNWi,躢 4,lZF4 FLZx/5䤆k* T}_TL᪖(Z-JyHV"SF܀2:mO#,A\}GhG} 62ڣT^ta#qM!||bGCP5>phh&Ճ"$)]b_0҉vÜ:>b1QM#Lm0Q.'"m!C\AhڰiTM[Gnl a>Ҵn㮤66ȚFE~{4"ߡ9Oykq]m!4ZK)FLJ'i溷ne0CN~Ds勸7=;#6#\$,j,jWp&RQD6T6'O 1aO 2NptOfb0U.ίURBsbzp|qTS1_ωvFa(e F< Aܣ>Sܹ #3+잻lg`#N=)Dcx8@15z”5*ᡜ/1&rJ| SӉS%a4Vq1y.rJPK`=Jf'R뗡{8ƀ LQxm4'0mXc^:z UpٖnϋĞ޽7TyS\bNQoihbrzbh.=\Ԧ0 d՗4&,<__7R 99VO+ite* vlOjTe*jU(uĪC@! pA4\)#!tI$oB,Z'auX$}G培0vp]V(ZJ4&Oiy01>ۯ!09ښf.+ qZB etaO1q/Glӌhz}CB| ˣ' ;JU5'lf8RAٓ>T=;i>_;%3t0uQJX]bj9{ߣkˮwmx7ii %c.iD{/{LKQ "Ea˜; LM܂5SWIbt UmT)EQg7hys[Mg /~̻v%wMEͶAs1'dA"s ɲ|5&| z(-nsyvrbر^<:byOPq>&D:j^9q1E]'鞋~+5ev/eBdɝ?TpB%&iIVl>K>0i #ʤy.7O_<\k`53Us0ıA>&AiAA%ث: ZӈgZF 榏khW%LOF$sƧj5ή'OK ]j,iڎjQgѮ@ރÅ\6˭A]ӏTR5M="aXDNX%E`>ȩ4Dz+愥?ZR,bNӫ٨0 rѣ/oNhN&iiri]A1F/]++Lʹ,d>>5'l !K<fu~.熬Ц)ʽy8k9A+0VO;*ae kj{y~6p ,sKeUvy*de},Mo4" bԟ^FZ΄[d#aa= 7M({2O_|')8_&JWѻi$ uj:8,u۷.v_@>=1:-r$ VVTF f %'ڬ$|( YVݨf.>7s"u0fDJ8ɈӨ6W,bqMBSQEYӧ6nctߡ^mV1dLOӨR9u Z7m;0LrS6` D|MeD~:89O0N5No:1#1+ʊt鸚t.*L8R/ˡN͸JtMt\+R6'<W ͦQtQ'T*e pTHd9N8SݻoZ{ >DA,Gmo3eTsD`Dd0@(gOO%N@ [ عC'L1>~<_2;477E8!KRS#^O\^g2Ϟ5~4ynSȞ{*[^n)͓Y߅qď2q&} pT3rYaèP|~{qOI<И^O^%#yͥ%##)Pt1b놬]"DAM|m3D0@9x6v=P45U#>5ݗͧ(6۱4@ӯZ&"Ѳ<.K[R8w 5*]Iz @!o4_YM`ǥ\yZԫWux4{2~\&)Q&wk1#{Z!x-?i5skAjkNƜE]('ކ)OGDmԀ DL_^ @pT^ IY'dHC+eDrw, 9?@49`[JxLm9tjUN"*bG=oCLJ1⨸]]f uL~bEB*AמwT,~O[u!zw#ܡ㖗Ӹ!4{}|Vwsz:{!)zsvDa#}l/,4nY#{P'5bs w2N=`7{Vk4P5[;޹Ο;" ;>ar*ԸP M[šӇU&Bp~)Y,8aen>(aΝZUG 3406␝]nz&B tb|OQ #:VPW?#J Fx 5z+6RI|{ӮӮi$De2 ׷}hjdj?>۴E5ܳܞ鄽< +=yAe9&`wם`q$N"E ǧ:ijJ #qlnup S%/=z8h{uF`4-sO0hpv1MxV?蠺@0um8WfC{{R<4 NGc?!{:Cw:q8C1FG>" y VWa.JD^{`D5T:&|?JE(9 WxI3*l@f!5'ʭƬ1ٰŸ<)/"% 8Z=Q'M&|Lk(5K9\1l*4]y㍠fYUVq3=NBC  v-KXQn:(;33e'u% R)f=wsJv |/O84z"k*o0l4?̡qC]x_J/dPUp~<|v8(>Dy8rGC((iƻv6!T tЌ83Plܵvcip/Ю yAB "cZ)I, Q Iw=wa\l9xE &(|0lW> 3ޖ[hT?muc##~> gNV+|OU$I)l(>Jx:N6O^tWgKiu5)\gT&a{i{0G8*@iW# LrO1F<)&8x*?h5܅ylJ*? P8 D'Cң8WjV/dYJGލgFfxG>YVx.q}l}n0 }ri!û- 0GTO0[@jgTuWJ#ܸ#!ؽM w2ON"C9r;^L/y-Oy~moERY uwD@M3x0(08 `b) sA`t`zpH̐;| B1K-;tA*HbA`4GDg(N[Mhϕ[ /e.mKlJHMB<ѦRjXfHGtE֎A9{kxEhjE0: r> bƧ ?:-*X4WQ4AǙ s9ۖ.]Js`BHU!~>kg ;A1|DWa+vr1cEo),˱{tUMk4[W@=4@^/bx>۽F_a:j XpIմm/d}nzTȗ0ʐue{h崃GK <ђ%ټD=f(L:ymT> b`0OJH>FMyx.#.XS*#{qB{NBǮa|kۈ'=߭ ,EQ֋K{=ϾҖJlRڪjjeE(4=<ܗ_T"q̀gۖ7x|T:"Io: ԧ:%O/ˮiQn]f]‚`0|ϫr[v@GT@\VK"a(pnbh槊BԿȃwjqq4$hG'q 4s.hmxv4O'^ӒXSho'8F:y]kM׏oY#ɴ6A;b\n(!e٫Ea0V>H|> ͐ywt[GuϓNoأ=wL5,|^$QUҊ<,&v'!2FD.M%Fu=oW67 ~&@6ľkCĸR$Zxuue>G{{ԧo7pe>G\'> qOHuIFV-c8Ï>B0C~ f“ #f\?:PuϷ*&pDت{i BT+d~B<Kqm:fA%޺WON|ܦ.>pE{u^qI4OP{H=t^\PJwc:3pSR)nx8hJ.pnWF#$Y6@س,Cof6h=ZdG5NهSOgޓ^ #OHzk"ѲQ#3kX^p;w)'K`/(ѧbza(br ki+ab Ͷ+v$X :ɴGN) {_ܗoPdY%PNZ.4L RZ JK^bnI vi0 ;z!3PcylC8d~}σM~A$ll|sgWiOp~aA* tV%D'7N^flD}ԟ0'ч5쵵+Ζ}U=D:LJE\B.tlmyvO2Nodi2%TҘ5:ѡnŋ.mo ߯g9&n&'I]iHJ)'i5`Y%h2NK qcnC(M;[P%MlxP&]Xz.lQKp,.X@^>*6eiZVdOiĥBqsv.l]4'G v4Mʞo&DYAL}h P3-#iQWU;9$?ln*ewo"3ZdB>OxWtۑC? -n\YjL/|n8*Z,ZQ]$I=V#6d#ݐeoߏ JRi~r¤\+|ǹ<<88FLدȹYcҽ Mı5 -_$HVœ˶3ռ‘mx\809&D&̡Фxz3y]KFhJ"cZP-^>=#U1dWlD}|{ |ٻz5#H)zDx f《8'nq-~jS4[ȹ0J"^jW|eq26ނ)Jj'𢈔ӢL LlA_zƅdaTaa\ ',PG8"J˝y]SH-PS9V*OJeIR)B!Kn^,eAPVedq/]w0 $v%D2M&ů)ͣT|<LJiߎywL}4{ DԀt^{0MBT/Ӽ@끡J1%*RX\ s2MSau^aׅ( xn^zx"eCEyP׿: Adi1j5޹uXpD\ Q!8"3РqKf8V6毿^D:|rh)4Ɔ 9L ]}^ 6pr"@; qII5OUUo~i\[ӣ8^@b߽_M{xnn}NB{m=ݡڙ6& e6g7nՃ`BA%aţkԠVvw&mAlxV!$5xA`MкpTUPD?q; 'EB.֤^ʼn\ez9in.O{-kI@dY=yhpZ٥u'IL$L}6qd',e].FB2!H J6M6N.VhV;"0Ě*Q h]Q"~ -g$*\شf y>Kbdmv4YbJQ`1vceY6&dؠ%`DR? ~mΚb̩TR{ZNe#3/:&w9̆<ȵ#'ljD`R9ɇ߆eYѷߎTlu dT9eri9pdLAjq`apxHD܎a\HIIo UDTHfU7%HIʰx1ark I# yOsCo̵߆0HiieU GВa7E Ŕh =ѦRȇNuwdWVXam)-7nTվ>^jգGBVUPH px*gx^iܙۡ &ã MMwnMLd&oFDdrq#`wQx{I*=EdK˙:Dhk/y:qsٿ<ų~+sDᩊ ~HpF$ +ϞyRNGb]<1[aOtL/''3WJK5moPif^ZRԔsrPאEX'N ?xǝ{M6h4}@ ۫(#c/ZYȤl#b3vEkIX[9M bH4ݹeΝ/iTIIr3>Sc/iNЈ(CDYǡSC{aوTϿoki1`aM3KV6|>(h] h0m~5ZgyU@!T Md2_y^yOȃOlLfK.?sۑa(\Ω"ʰƊ쑤:`50`͛7?޴_ٲA ò@`PU^wLLKj̩ ᘱdTF0hyܾ} nG`yY 6ՁUQ쵸~+Dam (JqG|h,3XD%!ȄQ0Ǟ6~~fi+nA)[2B!ܨa)ޟ& {'rm݃Fo}Q|o.^;!0C' TU#9WGGG5yyaAy|Db9IJGg_ǏkT@e2I$n7JH[['H'sG EX\…r[MڧUhwO6d4xC @`y^U-8@,A!ztͧ`%?ױ,1Ȁr ۇw*i\J]gq5LLR3cQf~ fk)h?خ҈|X\ G7O}ʥKEv9|_iF٬mmR:-GI ((O`YF=U9rOXZfܚ6𧡱 R&sX+' N{VV 0;Ca'ԝ]"²,4Ew߽k ~u[NIAD&Y#d1ׁ$nF`/Dzދ\D2O;7&''NyWFi|YT۟ud4=Sv7{ueezzak:q3>^Q(ðZϒH2%90tP0t5L% A7 ͇-M6p]sMM_wv&ikMR.p{s5/:&dxbB:D/D.#כao0K/ͱiZ%Zڲej|>M Yl_0Omx2$ud}{Kj ehU!|ֹ4#(8?mi-x`[`B[>FDH:bcF|ͤA,LbǾ??ޟׇJ, ]p (ן7֞Z0D0fe`XN Jf,/h4?x8X! o?Q*cOHkKeza%EzUPU6^f@۠#оH.]F I)?Y;:T\s^ɑj#^ވ9n<.5i]Zmͯi++ss:??wn;:^߃ v5dT*61\gQSP`l!l_cz｟68Do:pW{m#1LiRSs{{7'^>w㮉\[Gx[S+U-^_u֊oY{0cprVs6TA¿*OgULaSmT1quS*株K L諯nQ?z4dL񸃃o?/-1,#ˤ̹^;Yڽi".GNr σfG|#1XcB5;wmYUim_r+dGT{{{pXɑ{ Ziq& <禦FyCSt3ґw[5TMx\6ᇓSt\nbL>_;wMXZ,>#r9fn7ݭ\_κ ] bs*4{|vZ7o Ffhԕaˮټ#0\**@?"#Ϛ#L/d>.n {,ᕕјalݾ}߾_|yj3ګ u⽶2/DǧUt Wڬ˛4j L>ΘH$8AV,4DsQGϜ9 r-h4k*(EvyrYL2LdТ&HhLQ?>,ڛ)OGE~5 h@yR(z)m^6:P$5PhYTN 3^ϐmt~3Hm24~IhPXP2Ĩ\T{rSn #k €ʕiZlV)N_y%'G ox?./{IdAauuiXlH86rsb=$ILI0MSYb,1L8IjgTHW׍t-49lHI@߮U^;vBGyyV3v D*Mz%Phzӕ9HwgbuF vlIKI7$ki"@)]]Ee2yƍߺvsɧgi7;?pXe"#S~$<׵΢&CJvVɸFOOwwh;ˈdSN☢D$`ASUgsJ6- 'KSBAx5k֤ 8\Mhʱ[8uT9#/sߛk-|%zm._z5gǺPc]W_1yd]1D+L2>S)93PKKN$aR$TO&.HM)Ȩ}QuM+Iv njb7O92q%i^ڑDB@Sv mlݻ=|xLj] fWXͭڃX8&NMGt9`BODDحeqqi` } @(W_d*`$Զw۹sa:E5Q$7\z6ѫAdϗZ i ~(Ut=hn}X$MF&ݝI<8+!Ywq!dj^z0o0*Qq/'Mʙ4śJB*e@T5<6áˏ&}KKͭ:^p `%1\aa{%qjRy!sg01 AXXy`8?ح[{;ž=v㚨eVOObd Gv fQχ~F4Z b8FQ||l9YYU-ʕP<ӭP(Tcpdl[r boo/"kOLeVa/$E,tvĉ7X$eK`O>m #&QL.?0N`Pycd/,ly3%>P*-5E80TU2qEnY\-ba2B`ŚZϞI[T 4Mܻ~}_~9d(33).m0Dz'FGGUlz8(,6-eCĐa&㗣Eb42ʰR$1Bz݆R΢$_7R#XCҤ1;RZ@4{swruݿ}]Yۙc& }ODQewuufO*ZXf* T`@ВN VWq#, h؇U"^o~:2/CF_^orQ4;bDG*#cch?DpőcLQb]X:ovuk~W@Ezk sٛ7f>جNv*اjBy=9q49E54Ნ>z 0@İ?_?l΋a-)(TdsX,ؚϷ$:=>^-\vm[mmY?qE%']HDr5اaKL-^XnW`ww&>y23;Akos'S+u(BCUf&~"L`HzL cWnWӧ3Z蝛7G"AN+NlΝ~;Ю/hq9"fapҥnwZ3woނǻ[ #hrWN ,6E "J#3[!IF,qK2w^Z׮uen. S3Lc @1w~,#6i){pteYyjM׻v2ZZ^Zuof c !E|Q .Nјܕջw(`(tƤժO %bd2ߟk6}l'cL&a)Ekkx$Ԡķk&EH$YHW>X]]͜dښջ+#l20L If]_~fpu8F`ps*1T!cj78i&LpwǛL4}Yk Yw:8RCHRY\|P١$Vѱ/,\o|G3݄7p` .ヽ] 'A0DJ*(\PCիYVɬTLҥkSQ4nJ[MDIFۆ^.L82D Q QH$00,3`B4h7y] 9*J͙ NIЧ"++R4{5T+L&"y"DOţ![Cn,i9?=ts3[OխG<0O izMO&s2 8|n.;Ƌն-{YpC8G+byg4%E\n:d® !Fe7pX 1$QVջ\Ɔ EUuPd' (2Xc~~?=M'qȰGD@w!8!֠f|4*Ε+c!Rrǡ(B2 7/#٪vEbB4FP[ө(p}8x"=HR?yYÏd!~_~{M>F^QN%x~JPgY[k/K(FV V Ơ98Uh(הi~ʐg$W'+E3IU8^(, : l믟3S^Y4Y0GbGٳF<`ׄ%)"=aX:Y&rˣD|29!a|!:E)ǠxƱ {TϟVuU!1-6ܱ&\ ժ܀;j@cù{'ˍg狰Z<>ߧd܅C騉laQ,smX>HVG ӑ|q8)IFCH(  E4t}XM`py]܍7p[:9Wp Q%d׼OlB55nvѧboN'\ dB*pFR ULQ<J1I _ A5_rIremyv)d %MTv K{tNT4g <,4^bL[i2xQo}kzfHl,y"ܫ+~>-q ii/VmtK&OO]_; -:|Xd*qRbQ3 x}b/7n:[{ًVku>H/3Ѵܳ=_OXVoA_3,m[;2)A:B;FB0DZ LxR7ݚ齵aw)YWb&j2dzBe1 W}("z_O1n%"}= ]ߡ;w셪jqBvYRIb{.W'{RF"-TJ仺sGsv-+ rE{  L>&B%r'3 "m_'ė4*fс&h8!JGG#Ll7|@KXZYBQ?k.YY2r}5Y=VETgimGJqIVG"ob3O˟>!!$, v8a+H ZM# X]uಭ]v: e='a~77O'\A D$Y\>Ptñ{I%^fVR 0sy ʞe \3Nxe$ R^_U], LAROL+i詔iM&d dD\W\`؎qq;?, i6}>^7 8i ,ϢĈuYhu}fW]y~ؾQR[<;{-U7 }=Ӷ!0W[ :V#νY iu5A>H4:x@ij;}(Vixi`:?lwwufH@MvNGޅd$5A\؄c/'H(RɆ4.'mYRc#kVy ȕݿZ#P \BU@| tkv$ma>% aX7tf*a\ #"X &ʝ)MApwG7nǟ}r&Gz Pqh^^n'wk 6`̪CZ[nwp^ۚ%jKUf"oSXo;fC@шcT3ѣRl6m?J0t05&Nu}^XىSw1gJٌFWb7&bPgL%ʺ''S_,ȋ*֟ȪJ%ı+Р#ɻ䱹08q<  1K%u+^A#ҍ(fO%sKyjp0F/_W4/*q#-C} XN.H?N8Q]U<~GA6=QMB~׻^j{}.>ג2ƻ, ?<( V[Lr:b^e7Dϯpy6 ; ÃjLD_?UfNVy l"˷ҍ^]i|G۳cR Ai Ćq(QN4jȴڱʌ峾Ʊ9C$pQet<FڀČ^I!ֹVж]`?4ߵQY[n+-#&ߤ(D)|]Y ӬwӶ{xٶV#;96d4YJ*%kYy/-m@AX[<q/xP$fh?v8Mq ; 7d##na≫dOM&ceXXTX`&gGqU endstream endobj 55 0 obj(http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/may97/features/mechtron/62.gif) endobj 56 0 obj(vIj2DRd3P) endobj 57 0 obj<> endobj 58 0 obj<> endobj 59 0 obj[/Indexed/DeviceRGB 255 60 0 R] endobj 60 0 obj<>stream 999kkksssZRR9))kcZJJBsk{ZJkcRsL=ex4Le\xBˎŤŤŤŤ`=]6Ƥ]ŤE_EŤƤh?g`%``ˎˎhet0`ylxjylyloRPwyl`ylhˎ`ylhˎRylx,g02|H|8|2|H`|8|2||| endstream endobj 61 0 obj<>stream HWң(D#FQMg(|wuںZcTlzaٶ?}{#8 mkw=7큶=6 ]ׇ-Hl787^)&%NgNÁcwMG3ƨƼ#{( 7HuDG$>Po3!mirvIiƍfpܑ?r{q}CںG|ht[;V2%  ,PxctFZHVX^6FxgįliL tIȤΔ` Wt }']t!6;:⦊#0oA-iDhygtBRiwBȌ|&6л&OMO`JGSqz2zSR ^Ӛ ^+R!^JbJ^E l|-]!tb1F!UM'0DVBR -M}drA4mQ1p{NE.՛ 96fũɴ99&!0bqtHط0M ">P/4uz1[a+7a) Hݵa1N`hi(CbLB>ϿA .BK*ilċp(zîU0psLi2YX Ҥrφ$;]q$jN.Z=LJdYqAǨh(6=0YJq4p{N~b|l >^V}5O on9y=%O,SVTΊM rE.VrX:-+>NFo, Hó+ˊ)vèăs 36:M&vgְRܾgo8(* P#8רb/`YvIuE ْ1ZUJ>rF8͔7ٰӱ㲵=4㷡+԰ݲ䮳桄8!۬x6#q<+Njs2U|Pyvg$9уsM'>~FD'Md]gϜt^`O +P8I&25lyo8nl쐖~.֟9/`7 H-J|s%<0N NŘBA*ؙTܔůgD-s08SV/,HIqH9ASEDeUp>ΊUG8* QPΜ&9 9?!T[aa<+Ķ=%g{Ji+>^/mGrֽ˔D3+_R|1`ɹJMHԜ4QZvC5gK^ W9^?G*PǔaIʬn\J-T H䚓* *NTQ@^xkΙ*^S2.2jq#ո*d ХԻ=+R)$$ p!lO\V<#'<Ły LfQ{Z%5 8aA2%49kRjHT`OpjNy"gŻ Φ<1|׼nKKP<#c`{nj !ߴf="'ݠ%%PNRZm |DRR2}ߴ Cpjߌ^v~uKD] endstream endobj 62 0 obj(http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/may97/shared/nav8.gif) endobj 63 0 obj(c F$\)[) endobj 64 0 obj<> endobj 65 0 obj<> endobj 66 0 obj<>/ColorSpace<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Pattern<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 67 0 obj<> endobj 68 0 obj<>>> endobj 69 0 obj<> endobj 70 0 obj<><><><><><><><><><><>]/P 69 0 R/S/Article/T()/Pg 66 0 R>> endobj 71 0 obj<> endobj 72 0 obj[70 0 R] endobj 73 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>> endobj 74 0 obj[73 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R] endobj 75 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>> endobj 76 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>> endobj 77 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>> endobj 78 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>> endobj 79 0 obj<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Pattern<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 80 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/ImageI]>>/XStep 864/Type/Pattern/TilingType 1/YStep 100/BBox[0 0 864 100]>>stream q 864 0 0 100 0 0 cm /BGIm Do Q endstream endobj 81 0 obj[70 0 R] endobj 82 0 obj<>/ColorSpace<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Pattern<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 83 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/ImageI]>>/XStep 864/Type/Pattern/TilingType 1/YStep 100/BBox[0 0 864 100]>>stream q 864 0 0 100 0 0 cm /BGIm Do Q endstream endobj 84 0 obj[70 0 R] endobj 85 0 obj<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Pattern<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 86 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/ImageI]>>/XStep 864/Type/Pattern/TilingType 1/YStep 100/BBox[0 0 864 100]>>stream q 864 0 0 100 0 0 cm /BGIm Do Q endstream endobj 87 0 obj[70 0 R] endobj 88 0 obj<>/ColorSpace<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Pattern<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 89 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/ImageI]>>/XStep 864/Type/Pattern/TilingType 1/YStep 100/BBox[0 0 864 100]>>stream q 864 0 0 100 0 0 cm /BGIm Do Q endstream endobj 90 0 obj[70 0 R 70 0 R] endobj 91 0 obj<>/ColorSpace<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Pattern<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 92 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/ImageI]>>/XStep 864/Type/Pattern/TilingType 1/YStep 100/BBox[0 0 864 100]>>stream q 864 0 0 100 0 0 cm /BGIm Do Q endstream endobj 93 0 obj[70 0 R 70 0 R] endobj 94 0 obj<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Pattern<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 95 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/ImageI]>>/XStep 864/Type/Pattern/TilingType 1/YStep 100/BBox[0 0 864 100]>>stream q 864 0 0 100 0 0 cm /BGIm Do Q endstream endobj 96 0 obj[70 0 R] endobj 97 0 obj<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Pattern<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 98 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/ImageI]>>/XStep 864/Type/Pattern/TilingType 1/YStep 100/BBox[0 0 864 100]>>stream q 864 0 0 100 0 0 cm /BGIm Do Q endstream endobj 99 0 obj[70 0 R] endobj 100 0 obj<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Pattern<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 101 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/ImageI]>>/XStep 864/Type/Pattern/TilingType 1/YStep 100/BBox[0 0 864 100]>>stream q 864 0 0 100 0 0 cm /BGIm Do Q endstream endobj 102 0 obj[70 0 R] endobj 103 0 obj<>/ColorSpace<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Pattern<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 104 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/ImageI]>>/XStep 864/Type/Pattern/TilingType 1/YStep 100/BBox[0 0 864 100]>>stream q 864 0 0 100 0 0 cm /BGIm Do Q endstream endobj 105 0 obj[70 0 R] endobj 106 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>> endobj 107 0 obj[106 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R] endobj 108 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>> endobj 109 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>> endobj 110 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>> endobj 111 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>> endobj 112 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>> endobj 113 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>> endobj 114 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>> endobj 115 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>> endobj 116 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>> endobj 117 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>> endobj 118 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>> endobj 119 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>> endobj 120 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>> endobj 121 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/ImageI]>>/XStep 864/Type/Pattern/TilingType 1/YStep 100/BBox[0 0 864 100]>>stream q 864 0 0 100 0 0 cm /BGIm Do Q endstream endobj 122 0 obj<> endobj 123 0 obj[/Pattern/DeviceRGB] endobj 124 0 obj<> endobj 125 0 obj<> endobj 126 0 obj<> endobj 127 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC 0 0 0 rg 0 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm (Getting a hold on mechatronics)Tj ET EMC /WebCaptureBG BMC /WebCaptureFN <>BDC q 0 18 612 756 re W* n /Artifact <>BDC Q /CS0 cs /P0 scn 10 18 602 748 re f EMC EMC EMC /Article <>BDC q 0 18 612 756 re W* n q 100 0 0 37 18 721 cm /Im0 Do Q 0 0.133 0.333 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 118 747.3755 Tm ( )Tj ET q 370 0 0 24 132 727.5 cm /Im1 Do Q BT /T1_0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 502 739.5 Tm ( )Tj ET q 100 0 0 16 18 691 cm /Im2 Do Q BT /T1_0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 118 696.3755 Tm ( )Tj 1 0 Td ( )Tj 0 0 0 rg /T1_1 1 Tf 24.7692 0 0 24.7692 132 671.726 Tm (Getting a hold on mechatronics)Tj 0 0.133 0.333 rg /T1_0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 463.6352 671.726 Tm ( )Tj -23.688 -1.362 Td ( )Tj 0 0 0 rg 16.1538 0 0 16.1538 132 635.4026 Tm (A blend of mechanics and electronics, mechatronics has )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (come to mean the synergistic use of precision )Tj T* (engineering, control theory, computer science, and sensor )Tj T* (and actuator technology to design improved products and )Tj T* (processes)Tj 0 0.133 0.333 rg 14 0 0 14 193.9015 557.8641 Tm ( )Tj -4.422 -1.152 Td ( )Tj 0 0 0 rg 12.9231 0 0 12.9231 18.208 509.2544 Tm (By Steven Ashley, )Tj 1.084 -1.2 Td (Associate Editor )Tj 0 0.133 0.333 rg 14 0 0 14 132 508.3294 Tm (The standard clothes dryer is typically controlled by a mechanical )Tj T* (timer. The user adjusts the timer according to the size and )Tj T* (dampness of the load. If the timing device is not set properly, the )Tj T* (drying cycle may be too short and the laundry may come out wet, )Tj T* (or the machine could run long and waste energy. )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (A clothes dryer, however, might be fitted with a sensor-based )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (feedback system that lets the machine measure the moisture )Tj T* (content of the fabrics or the exhaust air, and turn itself off when )Tj T* (the load is dry. Operating performance is enhanced and energy use )Tj T* (is lowered as a result. The redesigned dryer might even be cheaper )Tj T* (to buy, depending mainly on the cost of the components that )Tj T* (comprise the electromechanical control system. )Tj ET q 250 0 0 188 135 92.7538452 cm /Im3 Do Q BT /T1_2 1 Tf 12.9231 0 0 12.9231 388 269.6544 Tm (The computer disk )Tj T* (drive, such as Cheetah )Tj T* (from Seagate )Tj T* (Technology, is one of )Tj T* (the best examples of )Tj T* (mechatronic design )Tj T* (because it exhibits )Tj T* (quick response, )Tj T* (precision, and )Tj 0 -1.263 TD (robustness)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 444.7323 129.2679 Tm ( )Tj /T1_0 1 Tf -4.052 -2.549 Td (Many U.S.-trained )Tj -18.286 -1.2 Td (design engineers would say that the improved dryer is the result of )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (up-to-date but conventional design practices. A reliable yet )Tj T* (relatively inaccurate mechanical device was replaced by a )Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC Q 0 0 0 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm (http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/may97/features/mechtron/mechtron.ht\ ml \(1 of 10\)1/8/2006 10:58:18 AM)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 128 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC 0 0 0 rg 0 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm (Getting a hold on mechatronics)Tj ET EMC /WebCaptureBG BMC /WebCaptureFN <>BDC q 0 18 612 756 re W* n /Artifact <>BDC Q /CS0 cs /P0 scn 10 18 602 756 re f EMC EMC EMC /Article <>BDC q 0 18 612 756 re W* n 0 0.133 0.333 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 132 753.9756 Tm ("smarter" electronic control. In much of the rest of the world, )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (however, design engineers would say that the dryer redesign )Tj T* (followed the principles of )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf (mechatronics)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf (. )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (Mechatronics is nothing new; it is simply the application of the )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (latest techniques in precision mechanical engineering, controls )Tj T* (theory, computer science, and electronics to the design process to )Tj T* (create more functional and adaptable products. This, of course, is )Tj T* (something many forward-thinking designers and engineers have )Tj T* (been doing for years. )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (The vaguely awkward word was first coined in Japan some 30 )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (years ago. Since then, mechatronics has come to denote a )Tj T* (synergistic blend of mechanics and electronics. The word's )Tj T* (meaning is somewhat broader than the traditional term )Tj T* (electromechanics, which to many connotes the use of electrostatic )Tj T* (or electromagnetic devices. It is also an amorphous, )Tj T* (heterogeneous, and continually evolving concept with 1,001 )Tj T* (definitions, many of which are so broad or so narrow to be of )Tj T* (seemingly marginal use. )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (Mechatronics is more than semantics, however. It's a significant )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (design trend that has a marked influence on the product-)Tj T* (development process, international competition in manufactured )Tj T* (goods, the nature of mechanical engineering education in coming )Tj T* (years, and quite probably the success mechanical engineers will )Tj T* (have in becoming team leaders or engineering managers. )Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 16.1538 0 0 16.1538 243.2581 272.9256 Tm (Defining Mechatronics)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 132 236.3909 Tm (For Takashi Yamaguchi, who works at Hitachi Ltd.'s Mechanical )Tj T* (Engineering Laboratory in Ibaraki, Japan, mechatronics is "a )Tj T* (methodology for designing products that exhibit fast, precise )Tj T* (performance. These characteristics can be achieved by considering )Tj T* (not only the mechanical design but also the use of servo controls, )Tj T* (sensors, and electronics." He added that it is also very important to )Tj T* (make the design robust. Computer disk drives, for example, are a )Tj T* (prime example of the successful application of mechatronics: )Tj T* ("Disk drives are required to provide very fast access, precise )Tj T* (positioning, as well as robustness against various disturbances," he )Tj T* (said. )Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC Q 0 0 0 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm (http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/may97/features/mechtron/mechtron.ht\ ml \(2 of 10\)1/8/2006 10:58:18 AM)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 129 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC 0 0 0 rg 0 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm (Getting a hold on mechatronics)Tj ET EMC /WebCaptureBG BMC /WebCaptureFN <>BDC q 0 18 612 756 re W* n /Artifact <>BDC Q /CS0 cs /P0 scn 10 18 602 756 re f EMC EMC EMC /Article <>BDC q 0 18 612 756 re W* n 0 0.133 0.333 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 132 753.9756 Tm (For Giorgio Rizzoni, associate professor of mechanical )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (engineering at Ohio State University in Columbus, mechatronics is )Tj T* ("the confluence of traditional design methods with sensors and )Tj T* (instrumentation technology, drive and actuator technology, )Tj T* (embedded real-time microprocessor systems, and real-time )Tj T* (software." Mechatronic \(electromechanical\) products, he said, )Tj T* (exhibit certain distinguishing features, including the replacement )Tj T* (of many mechanical functions with electronic ones, which results )Tj T* (in much greater flexibility and easy redesign or reprogramming; )Tj T* (the ability to implement distributed control in complex systems; )Tj T* (and the ability to conduct automated data collection and reporting. )Tj ET q 230 0 0 220 135 342.1999969 cm /Im0 Do Q BT /T1_1 1 Tf 12.9231 0 0 12.9231 368 551.1005 Tm (The diagram at left )Tj T* (illustrates that )Tj T* (mechatronics is where )Tj T* (mechanics, electronics, )Tj T* (computers, and controls )Tj 0 -1.263 TD (intersect)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 413.2308 472.7448 Tm ( )Tj -3.231 -2.549 Td ("Mechatronics is really )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (nothing but good design )Tj T* (practice," said )Tj T* (Masayoshi Tomizuka, )Tj T* (professor of mechanical )Tj T* (engineering at the )Tj T* (University of California, )Tj -16.857 -1.2 Td (Berkeley. "The basic idea is to apply new controls to extract new )Tj T* (levels of performance from a mechanical device." It means using )Tj T* (modern, cost-effective technology to improve product and process )Tj T* (performance and flexibility. In many cases, the application of )Tj T* (computer and controls technology yields a design solution that is )Tj T* (more elegant than the purely mechanical approach. By having a )Tj T* (good idea of what can be done using other than mechanical means, )Tj T* (design freedom increases and results improve, according to )Tj T* (Tomizuka, who is also editor-in-chief of the quarterly IEEE/)Tj T* (ASME Transactions on Mechatronics jointly published by the )Tj T* (Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers and ASME. )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (The journal, first published in March 1996, is another indication )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (that the importance of this interdisciplinary area is being )Tj T* (recognized. Transactions covers a range of related technical areas, )Tj T* (including modeling and design, system integration, actuators and )Tj T* (sensors, intelligent control, robotics, manufacturing, motion )Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC Q 0 0 0 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm (http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/may97/features/mechtron/mechtron.ht\ ml \(3 of 10\)1/8/2006 10:58:18 AM)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 130 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC 0 0 0 rg 0 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm (Getting a hold on mechatronics)Tj ET EMC /WebCaptureBG BMC /WebCaptureFN <>BDC q 0 18 612 756 re W* n /Artifact <>BDC Q /CS0 cs /P0 scn 10 18 602 756 re f EMC EMC EMC /Article <>BDC q 0 18 612 756 re W* n 0 0.133 0.333 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 132 753.9756 Tm (control, vibration and noise control, microdevices and )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (optoelectronic systems, and automotive systems. )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 16.1538 0 0 16.1538 228.9054 699.5256 Tm (The Roots of Mechatronics)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 132 662.9909 Tm (Mechatronics was first used in terms of the computer control of )Tj T* (electric motors by an engineer at Japan's Yaskawa Electric Co. in )Tj T* (the late 1960s. The word has remained popular in Japan, and has )Tj T* (been in general use in Europe for many years. Although )Tj T* (mechatronics has been slow to gain industrial and academic )Tj T* (acceptance as a field of study and practice in Great Britain and the )Tj T* (United States, its increasingly prominent place worldwide is )Tj T* (shown by the growing number of undergraduate and postgraduate )Tj T* (mechatronics courses now being offered. )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (Many engineers would contend that mechatronics grew out of )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (robotics. Early robotic arms, then unable to coordinate their )Tj T* (movements and without sensory feedback, benefited greatly from )Tj T* (advances in kinematics, dynamics, controls, sensor technology, )Tj T* (and high-level programming. The same battery of modern )Tj T* (technologies that made robots more flexible and thus more useful )Tj T* (was then brought to bear on the design of new generations of high-)Tj T* (performance, adaptable machinery of all kinds. )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (In the 1970s, mechatronics was concerned mostly with servo )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (technology used in products such as automatic door openers, )Tj T* (vending machines, and autofocus cameras. Simple in )Tj T* (implementation, the approach encompassed the early use of )Tj T* (advanced control methods, according to )Tj /T1_2 1 Tf (Transactions)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf ( editors. )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (In the 1980s, as information technology was introduced, engineers )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (began to embed microprocessors in mechanical systems to )Tj T* (improve their performance. Numerically controlled machines and )Tj T* (robots became more compact, while automotive applications such )Tj T* (as electronic engine controls and antilock-braking systems became )Tj T* (widespread. )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (By the 1990s, communications technology was added to the mix, )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (yielding products that could be connected in large networks. This )Tj T* (development made functions such as the remote operation of )Tj T* (robotic manipulator arms possible. At the same time, new, )Tj T* (smaller--even microscale--sensor and actuator technologies are )Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC Q 0 0 0 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm (http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/may97/features/mechtron/mechtron.ht\ ml \(4 of 10\)1/8/2006 10:58:18 AM)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 131 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC 0 0 0 rg 0 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm (Getting a hold on mechatronics)Tj ET EMC /WebCaptureBG BMC /WebCaptureFN <>BDC q 0 18 612 756 re W* n /Artifact <>BDC Q /CS0 cs /P0 scn 10 18 602 756 re f EMC EMC EMC /Article <>BDC q 0 18 612 756 re W* n 0 0.133 0.333 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 132 753.9756 Tm (being used increasingly in new products. Microelectromechanical )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (systems, such as the tiny silicon accelerometers that trigger )Tj T* (automotive air bags, are examples of the latter use. )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (As significant as these developments may seem, a good deal of )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (skepticism remains about the idea of codifying them in an )Tj T* (engineering field called mechatronics. "It's certainly a catchy )Tj T* (word," said controls expert Ernest O. Doebelin, professor emeritus )Tj T* (at Ohio State and an ASME Fellow, "but it's an evolutionary, )Tj T* (rather than revolutionary, development. Now that computers are )Tj T* (small and relatively cheap, it just makes sense for designers to )Tj T* (build them into products. Mechatronics is really the familiarity )Tj T* (with all the other technologies--computers, software, advanced )Tj T* (controls, sensors, actuators, and so forth--that make the advanced )Tj T* (products possible." )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (Similar sentiments were expressed by Davor Hrovat, senior staff )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (technical specialist at the Ford Research Laboratory in Dearborn, )Tj T* (Mich.: "The word singles out an area that perhaps is not a single )Tj T* (area. Mechatronics is mixture of technologies and techniques that )Tj T* (together help in designing better products." )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (However mechatronics is defined, it means "we now have viable )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (technology for computer control of mechanical systems at all )Tj T* (levels, from toasters to autos," said David M. Auslander, professor )Tj T* (of mechanical engineering at Berkeley. "Today we have )Tj T* (mechanical systems for which performance is defined by what's in )Tj T* (a computer, whether it's software algorithms, neural networks, or )Tj T* (fuzzy logic. That alone makes it different from anything you could )Tj T* (do 25 years ago." )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (Auslander takes a very generalized view of the topic. "Any system )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (in which you control or modulate power is a candidate for )Tj T* (computer control. For any mechanical component you can ask the )Tj T* (question: What is its purpose? Does it transmit power? Or is its )Tj T* (purpose control and coordination? Computers, software, and )Tj T* (electronics can generally do this second function more efficiently--)Tj T* (simpler, cheaper, with much more flexibility." This approach, he )Tj T* (emphasized, constitutes a totally different view of how mechanical )Tj T* (systems work compared with previous conceptions. "This is a )Tj T* (machine viewed from the controls outward. )Tj ET q 212 0 0 292 135 -242.5999908 cm /Im0 Do Q EMC /Article <>BDC BT /T1_1 1 Tf 12.9231 0 0 12.9231 350 38.3005 Tm (Following mechatronic )Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC Q 0 0 0 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm (http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/may97/features/mechtron/mechtron.ht\ ml \(5 of 10\)1/8/2006 10:58:18 AM)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 132 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC 0 0 0 rg 0 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm (Getting a hold on mechatronics)Tj ET EMC /WebCaptureBG BMC /WebCaptureFN <>BDC q 0 18 612 756 re W* n /Artifact <>BDC Q /CS0 cs /P0 scn 10 18 602 756 re f EMC EMC EMC /Article <>BDC q 0 18 612 756 re W* n q 212 0 0 292 135 487.3999939 cm /Im0 Do Q EMC /Article <>BDC 0 0.133 0.333 rg BT /T1_1 1 Tf 12.9231 0 0 12.9231 350 752.7928 Tm (principles, General Electric's )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (Profile Super 32 clothes )Tj T* (washer features a sensor-)Tj T* (based feedback control that )Tj T* (maintains correct water )Tj T* (temperature no matter the )Tj 0 -1.263 TD (load size)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 395.5926 658.9294 Tm ( )Tj -3.257 -2.549 Td ("Consider the standard )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (multicolor printing press )Tj T* (this magazine used to be )Tj T* (printed on," Auslander )Tj T* (added. "Until recently, web )Tj T* (presses had line-shaft )Tj T* (controls in which a long )Tj T* (shaft coordinates operations )Tj T* (from station to station. Now )Tj -15.571 -1.2 Td (it's done all by computer control, which makes it much easier to )Tj T* (change the machine over to a new setup." )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (The view of Belgian robotics researcher Hendrik M. J. Van )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (Brussel, published in Transactions \(June 1996\), follows a similar )Tj T* (fundamental theme but with a different emphasis. "In the past, )Tj T* (machine and product design has, almost exclusively, been the )Tj T* (preoccupation of mechanical engineers," he wrote. Solutions to )Tj T* (control and programming problems were added by control and )Tj T* (software engineers, after the machine had been designed by )Tj T* (mechanical engineers. )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (This sequential-engineering approach usually resulted in )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (suboptimal designs. "Recently, machine design has been )Tj T* (profoundly influenced by the evolution of microelectronics, )Tj T* (control engineering, and computer science," Van Brussel wrote. )Tj T* ("What is needed, as a solid basis for designing high-performance )Tj T* (machines, is a synergistic cross-fertilization between the different )Tj T* (engineering disciplines. This is exactly what mechatronics is )Tj T* (aiming at; it is a concurrent-engineering view of machine design." )Tj T* (He then offered his working definition of the term: "Mechatronics )Tj T* (encompasses the knowledge base and the technologies required for )Tj T* (the flexible generation of controlled motion." )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (An essential feature in the behavior of a machine, Van Brussel )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (continued, is the occurrence of controlled and/or coordinated )Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC Q 0 0 0 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm (http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/may97/features/mechtron/mechtron.ht\ ml \(6 of 10\)1/8/2006 10:58:18 AM)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 133 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC 0 0 0 rg 0 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm (Getting a hold on mechatronics)Tj ET EMC /WebCaptureBG BMC /WebCaptureFN <>BDC q 0 18 612 756 re W* n /Artifact <>BDC Q /CS0 cs /P0 scn 10 18 602 756 re f EMC EMC EMC /Article <>BDC q 0 18 612 756 re W* n 0 0.133 0.333 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 132 753.9756 Tm (motion of one or more machine elements. "The generation and )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (coordination of the required motions, such that the increasingly )Tj T* (growing performance and accuracy requirements are satisfied, is )Tj T* (the raison d'etre of mechatronics." )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (Van Brussel pointed out that traditional mechanisms are limited in )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (their flexibility in generating a wide variety of motions. Also )Tj T* (restricted is their potential for creating complex functional )Tj T* (relationships between the motion of the actuator and that of the )Tj T* (driven element. Yet another limitation of purely mechanical drive )Tj T* (systems is their inherent lack of accuracy, caused by friction, )Tj T* (backlash, wind-up errors, resonances, dimensional errors, and so )Tj T* (forth. )Tj 0 -2.557 TD ("These restrictions can be alleviated by eliminating or simplifying )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (the 'forced-motion' mechanism between actuator and driven )Tj T* (elements," he wrote. Instead, each driven element is provided with )Tj T* (a drive motor and a position sensor. A motion controller generates )Tj T* (the required relationships between the motions of the different )Tj T* (driven elements. "The motion synchronization function is shifted )Tj T* (from the error-prone hardware mechanism to the flexible software )Tj T* (controller. By applying the mechatronics approach, a large number )Tj T* (of motions can be synchronized, even at long distances away from )Tj T* (each other." )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (Under external forces, a range of secondary effects such as )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (vibration and noise can adversely affect the functional behavior of )Tj T* (machine elements and instruments, according to Van Brussel. )Tj T* (Passive damping treatments are available, but they have limited )Tj T* (applicability. "The mechatronic approach can provide more )Tj T* (effective solutions. Based on the state information about vibration )Tj T* (and noise levels, captured by appropriate sensors, the vibrations )Tj T* (are counteracted by actuators distributed over the structure. The )Tj T* (machine elements become active \(smart structures\)." The term )Tj T* (adaptive structures can be used "when the behavior of the structure )Tj T* (can be changed at will, without mechanical modifications." )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 16.1538 0 0 16.1538 234.2604 121.7256 Tm (Institutional Implications)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 132 85.1909 Tm (Beyond design theory, Auslander said, "mechatronics is also )Tj T* (saying something about industrial structure." In the new paradigm, )Tj T* ("the focal point is not traditional machine design, which is what )Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC Q 0 0 0 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm (http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/may97/features/mechtron/mechtron.ht\ ml \(7 of 10\)1/8/2006 10:58:18 AM)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 134 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC 0 0 0 rg 0 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm (Getting a hold on mechatronics)Tj ET EMC /WebCaptureBG BMC /WebCaptureFN <>BDC q 0 18 612 756 re W* n /Artifact <>BDC Q /CS0 cs /P0 scn 10 18 602 756 re f EMC EMC EMC /Article <>BDC q 0 18 612 756 re W* n 0 0.133 0.333 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 132 753.9756 Tm (industry and therefore universities are presently geared to teach. In )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (the future, the focal point will be the mechatronics specialist." )Tj 0 -2.557 TD ("It's always a bit embarrassing to talk about mechatronics," said )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (Kevin Craig, associate professor of mechanical engineering at )Tj T* (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, N.Y. "As far as )Tj T* (engineering practice goes, there really isn't anything new here, )Tj T* (except evolutionary advances in computers, sensors, actuators, and )Tj T* (the rest. What is new from the educational viewpoint is that we're )Tj T* (teaching mechanical engineers how to use electronics, how to )Tj T* (program computers to do real-time control, how to do control )Tj T* (design, and then to integrate all this into the design process. )Tj 0 -2.557 TD ("It's an interdisciplinary approach," he added. "Do the integration )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (right from the beginning; don't just add a control system at the end. )Tj T* (Controls used to be left to specialists--mostly electrical engineers. )Tj T* (That's not true anymore." Besides teaching a three-day short )Tj T* (course on mechatronics as part of an ASME Professional )Tj T* (Development program, Craig has also worked on two videotape )Tj T* (series on the topic. )Tj 0 -2.557 TD ("Mechatronics does not change the design process," Craig said. "It )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (gives the engineer greater knowledge, so the concepts that are )Tj T* (developed are better, and communications with other engineering )Tj T* (disciplines is improved. The result is a highly balanced design." )Tj 0 -2.557 TD ("One thing that is not at all not clear is how all this additional )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (material should be delivered to the student," observed Ed Carryer, )Tj T* (consulting associate professor at Stanford University in Palo Alto, )Tj T* (Calif. "Most mechanical engineering curricula are already stuffed )Tj T* (to the gunnels," he said. "It's either overload the undergrads or )Tj T* (make it the focus of a certificate program at the master's level." )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (Few academics expect mechatronics to attain the level of a )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (formally accepted engineering discipline. "Our academic system )Tj T* (tends to resist the forming of new disciplines," Auslander said. )Tj T* ("For example, controls has been a well-recognized and important )Tj T* (discipline since the Second World War. However, there are few )Tj T* (control departments in the United States. It's mostly taught in )Tj T* (mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and some chemical )Tj T* (engineering departments. Yet we graduate lots of people who do )Tj T* (the controls function." He concluded that mechatronics' place in )Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC Q 0 0 0 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm (http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/may97/features/mechtron/mechtron.ht\ ml \(8 of 10\)1/8/2006 10:58:18 AM)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 135 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC 0 0 0 rg 0 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm (Getting a hold on mechatronics)Tj ET EMC /WebCaptureBG BMC /WebCaptureFN <>BDC q 0 18 612 756 re W* n /Artifact <>BDC Q /CS0 cs /P0 scn 10 18 602 756 re f EMC EMC EMC /Article <>BDC q 0 18 612 756 re W* n 0 0.133 0.333 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 132 753.9756 Tm (the academic hierarchy is really an organizational and bureaucratic )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (issue. )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (In the short courses he teaches, "besides students you get the )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (occasional professor who wants to learn what the universities are )Tj T* (doing in mechatronics, so they can set up their own programs. The )Tj T* (rest are practicing mechanical engineers who basically want to )Tj T* (know 'What's this mechatronics stuff we keep hearing about?' )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (The practicing engineers Craig meets still tend to rely on results of )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (experiments--build and test methods. Surprisingly, "they don't do )Tj T* (much modeling or analysis. We're saying that they won't be able )Tj T* (do that much longer, because you can't get products to market )Tj T* (quickly enough in today's markets. You need to model and predict, )Tj T* (build a prototype, then validate your predictions." )Tj 0 -2.557 TD (Ford's Hrovat also stressed the need for mechanical engineers to )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (learn advanced modeling and simulation methods. He cited )Tj T* (particularly the use of bond graphs--transfer-function block )Tj T* (diagrams that denote power flows and information flows--to depict )Tj T* ("means shifting," the process of finding alternative means to )Tj T* (accomplish a design goal. For example, if there is no suitable )Tj T* (electrical means of providing some desired actuation, the designer )Tj T* (could go to a pneumatic or hydraulic system--the means to an end )Tj T* (are shifted to a substitute technology. "From what I see, the use of )Tj T* (bond graphs is definitely the trend," Hovrat said. )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 16.1538 0 0 16.1538 218.5912 289.7256 Tm (Career Paths in Mechatronics)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 132 253.1909 Tm ("Mechanical engineers are often at a loss to communicate and )Tj T* (understand the issues electrical engineers and the software )Tj T* (specialists bring up" at meetings of interdisciplinary product )Tj T* (teams, said Carryer. "The idea is to get rid of the uncertainties )Tj T* (associated with electronics and computers. We want to develop )Tj T* (people who are comfortable making the necessary trade-offs )Tj T* (among a wide range of approaches based on the given design )Tj T* (constraints." )Tj 0 -2.557 TD ("Maybe the mechanical engineer is not going to do the detail work )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (in any specialty," Craig said, "but they could do it, and they )Tj T* (certainly could lead a team doing it. That's what we're trying to )Tj T* (train mechanical engineers to do." )Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC Q 0 0 0 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm (http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/may97/features/mechtron/mechtron.ht\ ml \(9 of 10\)1/8/2006 10:58:18 AM)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 136 0 obj<>stream /Artifact <>BDC 0 0 0 rg 0 i BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm (Getting a hold on mechatronics)Tj ET EMC /WebCaptureBG BMC /WebCaptureFN <>BDC q 0 18 612 756 re W* n /Artifact <>BDC Q /CS0 cs /P0 scn 10 18 602 756 re f EMC EMC EMC /Article <>BDC q 0 18 612 756 re W* n 0 0.133 0.333 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 132 743.5909 Tm (With a focus on these kinds of skills, mechatronics is seen as a )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (prime career path for mechanical engineers of the future. "I believe )Tj T* (that mechanical engineers with a mechatronics background will )Tj T* (have a better chance of becoming managers," said Thomas S. )Tj T* (Moore, general manager for liberty and technical affairs at )Tj T* (Chrysler Corp. in Madison Heights, Mich. "We see mechatronics )Tj T* (as the career of the future for mechanical engineers." )Tj 0 -2.557 TD ("Classically trained mechanical engineers will run the risk of being )Tj 0 -1.2 TD (left out of the interesting work" carried on by multidisciplinary )Tj T* (product design teams, according to John F. Elter, vice president of )Tj T* (strategic programs at Xerox Corp. in Webster, N.Y. "At Xerox, we )Tj T* (need designers who understand the control theory well enough to )Tj T* (synthesize a better design. These people will have much more of a )Tj T* (chance to lead." Elter added that "the mechanical engineers who )Tj T* (know some computer science are far more valuable than the )Tj T* (computer scientists who know some mechanical engineering. The )Tj T* (mechanical engineers have a better feel for the overall system and )Tj T* (do a better job of making the crucial trade-offs. One possibility is )Tj T* (that the mechatronics practitioner will prototype the whole design, )Tj T* (then the specialists in the various disciplines will take over the )Tj T* (detail design." )Tj 0 -2.457 TD ( )Tj ET q 370 0 0 24 132 326.8153839 cm /Im0 Do Q BT /T1_0 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 502 338.8154 Tm ( )Tj ET 0.067 0.067 0.067 RG 0.651 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d 132 294.762 m 160.715 294.762 l S 0.067 0.067 0.067 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.9231 0 0 12.9231 132 296.7159 Tm (home)Tj 0 0.133 0.333 rg ( | )Tj ET 169.761 294.762 m 210.663 294.762 l S 0.067 0.067 0.067 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.9231 0 0 12.9231 169.7612 296.7159 Tm (features)Tj 0 0.133 0.333 rg ( | )Tj ET 219.709 294.762 m 286.818 294.762 l S 0.067 0.067 0.067 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.9231 0 0 12.9231 219.7089 296.7159 Tm (weekly news)Tj 0 0.133 0.333 rg ( | )Tj ET 295.865 294.762 m 359.02 294.762 l S 0.067 0.067 0.067 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.9231 0 0 12.9231 295.8646 296.7159 Tm (marketplace)Tj 0 0.133 0.333 rg ( | )Tj ET 368.066 294.762 m 431.234 294.762 l S 0.067 0.067 0.067 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.9231 0 0 12.9231 368.0658 296.7159 Tm (departments)Tj 0 0.133 0.333 rg ( | )Tj ET 440.28 294.762 m 491.61 294.762 l S 0.067 0.067 0.067 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.9231 0 0 12.9231 440.28 296.7159 Tm (about ME)Tj 0 0.133 0.333 rg ( | )Tj ET 132 276.437 m 190.503 276.437 l S 0.067 0.067 0.067 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.9231 0 0 12.9231 132 278.3909 Tm (back issues)Tj 0 0.133 0.333 rg ( | )Tj ET 199.549 276.437 m 235.449 276.437 l S 0.067 0.067 0.067 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.9231 0 0 12.9231 199.5489 278.3909 Tm (ASME)Tj 0 0.133 0.333 rg ( | )Tj ET 244.495 276.437 m 298.682 276.437 l S 0.067 0.067 0.067 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 12.9231 0 0 12.9231 244.4954 278.3909 Tm (site search)Tj 0 0.133 0.333 rg 14 0 0 14 298.6818 278.3909 Tm ( )Tj -11.906 -2.674 Td (\251 1997 by )Tj /T1_1 1 Tf (The American Society of Mechanical Engineers)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf ( )Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC Q 0 0 0 rg BT /T1_0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm (http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/may97/features/mechtron/mechtron.ht\ ml \(10 of 10\)1/8/2006 10:58:18 AM)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 137 0 obj(Getting a hold on mechatronics) endobj 138 0 obj<> endobj 139 0 obj<> endobj 140 0 obj<> endobj 141 0 obj<> endobj 142 0 obj[139 0 R] endobj 143 0 obj(http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/may97/features/mechtron/mechtron.html) endobj 144 0 obj(SyAng}C\n) endobj 145 0 obj<> endobj 146 0 obj<> endobj 147 0 obj(*<7Lmo]) endobj 148 0 obj 1 endobj 149 0 obj 1 endobj 150 0 obj 1 endobj 151 0 obj 1 endobj 152 0 obj 1 endobj 154 0 obj 2 endobj 155 0 obj 1 endobj 156 0 obj<> endobj 157 0 obj<> endobj 158 0 obj<>stream 2006-01-08T10:58:18-05:00 2006-01-08T10:57:56-05:00 2006-01-08T10:58:18-05:00 application/pdf Getting a hold on mechatronics uuid:722b47c1-6ca9-4b19-b37c-2bab0d5d3442 uuid:75a3e38c-91e5-40f2-b1b4-1983877f5731 Acrobat Web Capture 7.0 endstream endobj xref 0 159 0000000004 00000 f 0000000016 00000 n 0000000146 00000 n 0000000263 00000 n 0000000006 00000 f 0000000425 00000 n 0000000153 00001 f 0000000493 00000 n 0000000538 00000 n 0000001355 00000 n 0000002728 00000 n 0000002804 00000 n 0000002838 00000 n 0000002919 00000 n 0000002970 00000 n 0000003013 00000 n 0000003168 00000 n 0000003323 00000 n 0000003369 00000 n 0000003514 00000 n 0000004959 00000 n 0000005042 00000 n 0000005076 00000 n 0000005164 00000 n 0000005215 00000 n 0000005262 00000 n 0000006080 00000 n 0000008445 00000 n 0000008528 00000 n 0000008562 00000 n 0000008650 00000 n 0000008701 00000 n 0000008748 00000 n 0000009566 00000 n 0000010075 00000 n 0000010155 00000 n 0000010189 00000 n 0000010277 00000 n 0000010328 00000 n 0000010375 00000 n 0000011193 00000 n 0000025778 00000 n 0000025863 00000 n 0000025897 00000 n 0000025985 00000 n 0000026036 00000 n 0000026083 00000 n 0000026901 00000 n 0000038149 00000 n 0000038234 00000 n 0000038268 00000 n 0000038356 00000 n 0000038407 00000 n 0000038454 00000 n 0000039272 00000 n 0000069992 00000 n 0000070077 00000 n 0000070111 00000 n 0000070199 00000 n 0000070250 00000 n 0000070297 00000 n 0000071115 00000 n 0000073368 00000 n 0000073444 00000 n 0000073479 00000 n 0000073567 00000 n 0000073618 00000 n 0000074006 00000 n 0000074110 00000 n 0000074155 00000 n 0000074204 00000 n 0000074604 00000 n 0000074722 00000 n 0000074746 00000 n 0000074903 00000 n 0000074955 00000 n 0000075139 00000 n 0000075331 00000 n 0000075521 00000 n 0000075708 00000 n 0000075955 00000 n 0000076213 00000 n 0000076237 00000 n 0000076519 00000 n 0000076777 00000 n 0000076801 00000 n 0000077048 00000 n 0000077306 00000 n 0000077330 00000 n 0000077612 00000 n 0000077870 00000 n 0000077901 00000 n 0000078183 00000 n 0000078441 00000 n 0000078472 00000 n 0000078706 00000 n 0000078964 00000 n 0000078988 00000 n 0000079210 00000 n 0000079467 00000 n 0000079491 00000 n 0000079727 00000 n 0000079986 00000 n 0000080011 00000 n 0000080310 00000 n 0000080569 00000 n 0000080594 00000 n 0000080765 00000 n 0000080895 00000 n 0000081068 00000 n 0000081215 00000 n 0000081384 00000 n 0000081547 00000 n 0000081710 00000 n 0000081903 00000 n 0000082094 00000 n 0000082289 00000 n 0000082485 00000 n 0000082653 00000 n 0000082827 00000 n 0000082978 00000 n 0000083152 00000 n 0000083411 00000 n 0000083502 00000 n 0000083539 00000 n 0000083629 00000 n 0000083725 00000 n 0000083817 00000 n 0000087109 00000 n 0000090433 00000 n 0000093755 00000 n 0000097122 00000 n 0000100680 00000 n 0000103803 00000 n 0000107260 00000 n 0000110809 00000 n 0000114175 00000 n 0000118169 00000 n 0000118218 00000 n 0000118256 00000 n 0000118367 00000 n 0000118398 00000 n 0000118500 00000 n 0000118526 00000 n 0000118619 00000 n 0000118655 00000 n 0000118836 00000 n 0000118889 00000 n 0000118924 00000 n 0000118943 00000 n 0000118962 00000 n 0000118981 00000 n 0000119000 00000 n 0000000000 00001 f 0000119019 00000 n 0000119038 00000 n 0000119057 00000 n 0000119148 00000 n 0000119260 00000 n trailer <<8B57B383E11A0D449C052706563C6DF7>]>> startxref 122742 %%EOF