ࡱ> 8:7 bjbj"e"e 0$@_@_(((((<<<<$`<!(tttttOOOJ!L!L!L!L!L!L!$#&jp!(OOOOOp!((tt!O"(t(tJ!OJ!r T!'Q q Z 6!!0!h '{('!'(!0OOOp!p!(OOO!OOOO'OOOOOOOOOX : Notes on the Prophets There is an arbitrary (somewhat) division of the prophetic books into MAJOR and MINOR prophets. The Major Prophets are Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel the major refers to the length of the books actually. The Minor Prophets (books are much shorter) are Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi (12 in all) Some textual patterns: most books open with a superscription indicating the time and place (during the reign of in Israel northern kingdom, or in Judah southern kingdom) Several prophetic books open with a call narrative (examples include Isaiah 6; Jeremiah 1; Ezek 1:1-3:11; Amos 7:7-14 Each prophet is characterized as delivering Gods message in a particular circumstance and label what follows in the book as that of God: it is the word that comes from the Lord an oracle a vision that the prophet sees prophets are compelled to deliver a message/voice a message other than their own true prophets are often reluctant messengers they employ the rhetorical style of the messenger speech are channels for the sovereign speech of God, expressed through their own personal experience are deeply engaged in socio-economic, political issues of the day regularly take up pronounced and often unpopular positions in the conflicts in their communities are partisan advocates for various social policies/interests; they had strong supporters AND vigorous enemies they advocate for just social relations/ for justice exercise enormous imagination seeing what others dont see, dare to utter what others wouldnt dare to utter not just social analysts they are artists who re-design/re-describe reality much of their speech is couched in images and metaphor because they are so imaginative, they leave behind a powerful and enduring influencetheir memorable words are the core of several prophetic books their vision of reality engenders ongoing interpretive tradition derived from their personalities the books/words (not necessarily authored by the prophetic personality) are shaped through editorial processes so they no longer deal specifically with the prophetic personality, but with the prophetic book Genres oracles of judgement (Israel and Judah being punished for their sins) woe oracles: referencing coming punishments, signaled with alas or ah Oracles of salvation mainly in the postexilic and exilic periods; e.g. Second Isaiah (later than 8th century) chapters 40-55 are replete with promises Trial speech/covenant lawsuit legal language, Israel or Judah are the accused Prophetic disputation prophet refutes the claims of others Symbolic action reports accompanying prophets speeches (e.g. Jeremiah buries a loin cloth, or the potter and the clay) Prophetic liturgies (e.g. Is. 12:1-6) Oracles against the nations ultimate crime is pride, failing to recognize God as God Primarily poetry using metaphors, similes, alliteration, assonance, hyperbole, irony, repetition, parallelism, wordplay, symbolic names (especially since these texts were originally oral and speeches, the poetic devices would have helped the speaker remember the text) Exhortation urging change of behavior Comparison prophets casting one thing as another in extended metaphors or similes Themes/Motifs Divine control of history paired with Divine graciousness Gods passionate purpose Gods severe judgment Gods enduring promise Prophetic books are rooted in older traditions of faith specifically the Torah They are variously informed by the Priestly Tradition; also, the wisdom (sapiential) tradition of Proverbs is reflected in the Prophets Prophets are not just fortune tellers or prognosticators  <G^{|  ' ( 4 < Q R \ z        ! ) . 3 4 X Y ] ^   # & 1 h8OJQJ\hB hB >*OJQJ\hB >*OJQJ\hB OJQJ\hUd5OJQJP 4 7 a l F G YsgdI & Fgd. & FgdI & Fgd8 & FgdB $a$gdI1 2 6 7 @ A B F G T ` a k l     3 4 > A D E F G Y s  0156:;=>?پپƾ..ϴ.ϴIϴ<?hIOJQJh8OJQJhB h8OJQJ\h8OJQJ\hB OJQJ\F?,i^k0I_vQgdI & FgdIgdI & Fgd.@GSTU[iu ,-6ABCLQhijrx#$.0U^_hs%6Fjklwxh+&AOJQJh.h.H*OJQJh.OJQJZ'/0I_vQhjehIOJQJhIOJQJh.OJQJh+&AOJQJ.:pI/ =!"#$% x666666666vvvvvvvvv666666>6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666hH6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666866666662 0@P`p2( 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p(8HX`~8XV~ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@66666 OJPJQJ_HmH nH sH tH @`@ oNormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH DA D Default Paragraph FontRiR Table Normal4 l4a (k ( No List X@X <? 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